A compound of bromine and hydrogen. It is produced by reacting hydrogen and bromine in the presence of a catalyst. It can also be produced by reacting bromide with phosphoric acid or by reacting a mixture of red phosphorus and water with bromine. It is a colorless gas. It has a pungent odor and produces white smoke when exposed to moisture in the air. Its properties are similar to hydrogen chloride, but it differs in that it is easily oxidized. It dissolves well in water and produces about a 16 molar solution of hydrobromic acid at room temperature. The aqueous solution (hydrobromic acid) acts as a strong acid. 47.63% hydrobromic acid is an azeotrope with a boiling point of 124.3°C. At low temperatures, it forms crystals of the hydrate HBr.n H2O ( n = 1, 2, 3, 4). It dissolves well in organic solvents containing oxygen, such as ethanol (ethyl alcohol), ether, and acetone. It is used as a raw material for pharmaceuticals and for the synthesis of bromides. It is toxic, attacking the mucous membranes of the eyes and bronchi and causing breathing difficulties. [Kenichi Morinaga and Katsunori Nakahara] [Reference item] | [Supplementary information] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
臭素と水素との化合物。触媒の存在下で水素と臭素を反応させてつくられる。臭化物にリン酸を作用させるか、赤リンと水の混合物に臭素を作用させても得られる。無色の気体。刺激臭があり、空気中の湿気により白煙を生じる。性質は塩化水素によく似ているが、酸化されやすい点が違っている。水によく溶け、常温で臭化水素酸の約16モル溶液を生じる。水溶液(臭化水素酸)は強酸として働く。47.63%臭化水素酸は沸点124.3℃の共沸混合物である。低温では水和物HBr・nH2O(n=1, 2, 3, 4)の結晶をつくる。エタノール(エチルアルコール)、エーテル、アセトンなど酸素を含む有機溶媒によく溶ける。医薬品の原料、臭化物の合成原料として用いられる。毒性があり、眼(め)や気管支の粘膜を侵し、呼吸困難になる。 [守永健一・中原勝儼] [参照項目] | [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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