air shower

Japanese: air shower(英語表記)airshower
air shower

…Nuclear cascades usually develop into complex showers in which the neutral pions in the shower particles decay into two short-lived gamma rays, generating electromagnetic cascades, and some of the charged pions decay into muons, resulting in a mixture of these components. An example of this is the air shower. When ultra-high energy cosmic rays enter the atmosphere, a large number of electromagnetic cascades branch out and develop around the high-energy nuclear cascade that is generated along the direction of their travel. By the time they reach the ground, they fall as a huge shower containing millions to billions of electrons and about 10% of those muons within a range of 1 to 2 km from the center. The largest air shower ever observed had 10 11 particles and a total energy of 10 21 eV. …

*Some of the terminology that refers to "air shower" is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…核カスケードは,通常,シャワー粒子中の中性π中間子が短寿命で二つのγ線に崩壊して電磁カスケードを発生させ,また,荷電π中間子の一部はμ粒子に崩壊するため,これらの成分の混合した複雑なシャワーに発達する。空気シャワーair showerは,その一例で,超高エネルギーの宇宙線が大気中に突入し,その進行方向に沿って発生する高エネルギー核カスケードを中心軸に,多数の電磁カスケードが枝分れして発達し,地上に到達するときには,中心から1~2kmの範囲に数百万個から数十億個の電子成分と,その約10%のμ粒子をもつような巨大なシャワーとして降ってくる。観測された最大の空気シャワーは粒子数1011個,全エネルギー1021eVである。…

※「air shower」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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