Bessarabia (English spelling)

Japanese: ベッサラビア(英語表記)Bessarabia
Bessarabia (English spelling)
A historical region in Eastern Europe. A rich agricultural area located between the Donestr and Prut rivers. It produces wheat, corn, sugar beets, tobacco, grapes, etc., and cattle grazing is also popular. Today, most of it belongs to Moldova, and part to Ukraine. The majority of the inhabitants are Moldovan, with the rest being Ukrainians, Russians, and Jews. The central city is Chisinau. Slavs arrived in the 6th century, and there was a lot of movement between various ethnic groups thereafter, and in the 13th century, the Mongols invaded. From the end of the 14th century, it was ruled by Moldovan and Wallachian princes. The name Bessarabia is said to come from the Basarab dynasty, which ruled Wallachia at that time. It was ruled by the Ottoman Empire from the 16th century, but from around the 18th century, Russia advanced, and the entire region became Russian territory in the Treaty of Bucharest in 1812. The southern region was ceded to Moldova by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, but was returned to Russia after the Berlin Conference in 1878. During the Russian Revolution, the Workers' and Peasants' Council of this region proclaimed the Republic of Moldova, and in 1918 it was decided that the region should belong to Romania, which was recognised in the Treaty of Paris in 1920. However, the Soviet Union steadfastly refused to recognise it, and in 1940 it forced the return of Bessarabia. In 1941, Romania temporarily recovered the region with the help of Germany, but in 1944 the Soviet army recaptured it, and in 1947 the Treaty of Paris recognised its belonging to the Soviet Union, and it became the Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic. During the perestroika and Eastern European revolutions of the late 1980s, the country declared its sovereignty as the Republic of Moldova in June 1990, and in August 1991 it changed its name to the Republic of Moldova. (→History of Romania, History of Russia)

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
東ヨーロッパの歴史的地域名。ドネストル川とプルト川の間に位置する豊かな農業地帯。コムギ,トウモロコシ,テンサイ,タバコ,ブドウなどを産し,ウシの放牧も盛ん。今日,大部分がモルドバに,一部分ウクライナに属する。住民の大半はモルドバ人で,その他ウクライナ人,ロシア人,ユダヤ人が居住。中心都市キシニョフ。6世紀頃にスラブ人が来住し,その後も諸民族の往来が盛んで,13世紀にはモンゴルが侵入。14世紀末からモルドバ,ワラキア諸侯の支配を受けた。ベッサラビアの名称は,このときワラキアを支配していたバサラブ朝に由来するといわれる。16世紀以降オスマン帝国の支配を受けたが,18世紀頃からロシアが進出,1812年ブカレスト条約で全域がロシア領となった。1856年パリ条約によって南部地域はモルドバに割譲されたが,1878年ベルリン会議を経て再びロシアに帰属。ロシア革命に際して,この地の労働者・農民評議会はモルドバ共和国を宣言,1918年ルーマニア帰属を決定,1920年パリ条約によって承認された。しかしソビエト連邦はあくまで承認を拒否,1940年ベッサラビア返還を強行した。1941年ルーマニアはドイツの支援を得て一時この地を回復したが,1944年ソ連軍が奪回,1947年パリ平和条約でソ連帰属が承認され,モルダビア=ソビエト社会主義共和国となった。1980年代後半のペレストロイカならびに東欧革命のなかで 1990年6月国名をモルダビア共和国として主権宣言,翌 1991年8月国名をモルドバ共和国と改称した。(→ルーマニア史,ロシア史)

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