This refers to specimens of animals or plants that are soaked in an alcohol or formalin solution to preserve them for a long time. It is used to preserve succulents that have a high water content, flowers and fruits of other plants, fir cones that lose their shape when dried, and orchid flowers that become significantly misshapen. A 70% aqueous solution of alcohol or a 5-10% aqueous solution of formalin is used, and the specimens are stored in a wide-mouthed plastic jar with an inner lid to prevent the liquid from evaporating, in a cool, dark place. A mixture of 90 ml of alcohol (50-70%), 5 ml of formalin (commercially available at 40%), and 5 ml of glacial acetic acid is often used for immersion in plant tissue dissection. The same is true for animals, where a 75% aqueous solution of alcohol is used for dissecting specimens of reptiles, amphibians, crustaceans, mammals, and birds. A 5-10% aqueous solution of formalin is used for fish and marine invertebrates such as agar-based animals like jellyfish. However, it is not suitable for long-term preservation of specimens with calcareous shells like seashells. [Akiko Sugiyama] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
動物や植物の標本を長く保存するために、アルコールやホルマリン水溶液に浸したものをいう。植物では水分の多い多肉植物、その他の植物の花や果実、乾燥すると形の崩れるモミの球果、変形の著しいランの花などの保存に使用する。アルコールでは70%水溶液、ホルマリンでは5~10%水溶液程度のものを用い、液が蒸発しないように内蓋(うちぶた)付きの広口プラスチック瓶に入れ、低温、暗所に保存する。 植物の組織解剖のための液浸にはアルコール(50~70%)90ミリリットル、ホルマリン(市販品は40%)5ミリリットル、氷酢酸(ひょうさくさん)5ミリリットルの混液が多く用いられる。動物の場合も同様で、アルコールの75%水溶液は爬虫(はちゅう)類、両生類や甲殻類のほか、哺乳(ほにゅう)類や鳥類などの解剖標本に使用する。ホルマリン5~10%水溶液は魚類や、クラゲのような寒天質の動物などの海産無脊椎(むせきつい)動物に用いる。しかし貝殻のような石灰質の殻をもつものの長期保存には適さない。 [杉山明子] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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