Learning is a learning theory that posits that a certain stimulus S is associated with a specific response R in the organism. Based on the conditions for S-R association (learning establishment), it is further divided into three positions: (1) the reinforcement theory, which emphasizes that whether or not a certain response is learned depends on whether or not the response satisfies the organism's motivation or reduces the organism's internal motives; (2) the proximity theory, which emphasizes the temporal proximity of S-R, because the greatest association occurs when a stimulus and response occur simultaneously rather than sequentially; and (3) the two-factor theory, which holds that either reinforcement or proximity can play a major role depending on the type of learning. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
学習とは,ある刺激Sに対して生体の特定反応Rが連合するのが基本だとする学習理論。S‐R連合(学習成立)の条件からさらに三つの立場に分かれる。すなわち(1)ある反応が学習されるかどうかは,その反応によって生体のもつ動機が充足されるかどうかの効果とか生体内の動因低減を強調する強化説,(2)刺激と反応が同時におこれば継時的な場合よりも最大の連合がおこることから,S‐Rの時間的接近を強調する接近説,(3)学習の型によって強化あるいは接近が主役を演じる場合があるとする2要因説である。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
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