This theory, also known as the symbol-meaning theory, is opposed to the S-R theory in learning psychology. It considers that learning occurs when two stimuli are close in time and space, and the earlier stimulus acquires meaning as a symbol for the later stimulus. A cognitive map of means-goal relationships is then formed, and it is argued that motivation reduction or reinforcement is not the basis of learning. The basis for this is the fact of place learning and latent learning. It is noteworthy that E. C. Tolman (1886-1959), a representative of this theory, considered learning and executive behavior to be separate concepts. Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information |
学習心理学におけるS‐R説と対立する理論で記号意味説ともいう。学習とは時間的空間的に接近した二つの刺激があるとき,前の刺激が後の刺激についての記号として意味をもつようになることであると考える。そこに手段‐目標関係の認知地図ができ上がるのであって,動因低下とか強化が学習の基礎ではないとする。その根拠は場所学習や潜在学習の事実である。この説の代表者トールマンE.C.Tolman(1886‐1959)が学習と実行行動を別概念としたのは注目される。
出典 株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について 情報 |
>>: S-R theory - S-R theory (English spelling) Stimulus-response theory
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