Code of Eshnunna - Code of Eshnunna

Japanese: エシュヌンナ法典 - エシュヌンナほうてん

The oldest known legal code written in Akkadian. Its contents are known from two clay tablets found at present-day Tell Harmal. Because the preface is damaged, it is unclear during the reign of any particular king of Eshnunna, but it is thought to be several decades older than the Code of Hammurapi. The existing code stipulates the prices of major commodities such as barley, oil, and wool (Articles 1 and 2), the rental of oxcarts and boats with boatmen, daily wages for various types of workers (Articles 3, 4, 7-11), theft (Articles 12 and 13), the commercial status of slaves and children (Articles 14-16), marriage and family (Articles 17, 18, 25-35, 59), loans (Articles 19-21), unlawful personal restraint (Articles 22-24), responsibility for the custody of goods (Articles 36 and 37), special commercial transactions (Articles 38-41), injury (Articles 42-48), slaves (Articles 49-52), and personal injury by cattle or pet dogs (Articles 53-58) (Article 60 is damaged), but it is inferior to the Code of Hammurabi in terms of formal consistency and comprehensiveness of content.

Source: Heibonsha World Encyclopedia, 2nd Edition Information

Japanese:

現在知られているアッカド語で書かれた法典のうち最古のもの。その内容は現在のテル･ハルマルTell Harmalで発見された2枚の粘土板文書によって知られる。まえがきの部分が破損しているため，エシュヌンナのどの王の治世にできたものか確かではないが，ハンムラピ法典より数十年古いものと考えられている。現存の法典は，大麦，油，羊毛など主要商品の価格(1,2条)，牛引き付きの牛車や船頭付きの船の賃貸料，各種労働者の日当(3,4,7～11条)，窃盗(12,13条)，奴隷および子供の商取引上の身分(14～16条)，婚姻･家族(17,18,25～35,59条)，ローン(貸付け)(19～21条)，不法人身拘束(22～24条)，物品の保管責任(36,37条)，特殊な商取引(38～41条)，傷害(42～48条)，奴隷(49～52条)，牛または飼犬による人身傷害(53～58条)などを規定するが(60条は破損)，形式上の整合性と内容の包括性においてハンムラピ法典に劣る。

出典　株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典第２版について　情報

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