Emperor Gokameyama

Japanese: 後亀山天皇 - ごかめやまてんのう

Year of death: April 12, 1424 (May 10, 1424)
Year of birth: Unknown Emperor during the Northern and Southern Courts period (reigned 1383-92). Fourth Emperor of the Southern Court. Second son of Emperor Gomurakami. His mother was the daughter of Ano Sanetame. His given name was Hironari. He is believed to have succeeded to the throne from his elder brother Emperor Chokei at the end of 1383, but a prayer that Chokei dedicated to Nyu Myojin Shrine reads "This time, both male and female," suggesting some sort of feud between the brothers. In the intercalary month of October 1392, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu proposed a unified peace treaty through the mediation of Ouchi Yoshihiro, which Gokameyama accepted, and the following month he entered Saga bearing the sacred treasures, which were returned to the Imperial Court (Northern Court), and Gokameyama abdicated from the Southern Court throne. Thus, a peace treaty was made between the two courts. Two years later, Yoshimitsu met with Gokameyama at Tenryu-ji Temple and bestowed the honorary title of Retired Emperor, overcoming the opposition of the Northern Court's courtiers, who viewed Gokameyama as an emperor who had not yet ascended to the throne. The retired emperor then lived a secluded life at Daikaku-ji Temple, but after Yoshimitsu's death, he fled Saga in November 1410 (Oei 17) and hid in Yoshino for over six years. This is thought to be a accusation of the shogunate's failure to fulfill the peace terms. Yoshimitsu's successor as shogun, Ashikaga Yoshimochi, promised to restore the retired emperor's territory.

(Akira Imaya)

Source: Asahi Japanese Historical Biography: Asahi Shimbun Publications Inc. About Asahi Japanese Historical Biography

Japanese:

没年：応永31.4.12(1424.5.10)
生年：生年不詳
南北朝時代の天皇(在位1383～92)。南朝第4代天皇。後村上天皇の第2皇子。母は阿野実為の娘。諱は煕成。永徳3/弘和3(1383)年末ごろ兄長慶天皇から皇位を継承したとみられるが,長慶が丹生明神に捧げた願文に「右今度雌雄」とあり,兄弟の間で何らかの確執があったことをうかがわせる。明徳3/元中9(1392)年閏10月,足利義満より合体講和の提案が大内義弘の仲介で行われ,後亀山はこれを受諾,翌月神器を携えて嵯峨に入り,神器は禁裏(北朝)に返還され後亀山は南朝皇位を退いた。ここに両朝の講和が成った。2年後義満は後亀山と天竜寺に面会し,北朝廷臣らの反対を押し切って太上天皇の尊号を贈った。廷臣らの反対は後亀山を未即位帝とみなしたからである。以後上皇は大覚寺において隠遁生活に入るが,義満死後の応永17(1410)年11月嵯峨を出奔して6年余り吉野に隠れた。これは幕府の講和条件不履行を責めたものと思われる。義満の跡を継いだ将軍足利義持は上皇所領の回復等を約している。

(今谷明)

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