abhiṣeka (English spelling)

Japanese: abhiṣeka(英語表記)abhiseka
abhiṣeka (English spelling)

…A ceremony in which water is poured on the top of the head to prove that the person has advanced to a certain rank. In Sanskrit, initiation is called abhiṣeka or abhiṣecana, and was originally a ceremony performed in India when an emperor ascended to the throne or a prince was made. For example, in the enthronement initiation, the waters of the four oceans were poured on the top of the head, thereby symbolizing control over the entire world up to the four seas. This was also adopted in Buddhism, and in Mahayana Buddhism, when a bodhisattva completes his final training and attains enlightenment to become a Buddha, he is said to attain enlightenment by receiving the initiation of water of wisdom from the Buddhas. …

From 【Bathing】

…Ritual baths have been discovered in the ruins of the Indus civilization. In Brahmanic ceremonies, there are often baths for purification (dīkṣā), sanctification by bathing in consecrated water (abhiṣeka), and baths to purify the impurities of death (udakopasparśana). There are also cases where the first bathing of a newborn is part of the birth ritual. Among Hindu rituals, baths (snāna) held at pilgrimage sites (tīrtha) centered around the Ganges River basin are prominent. …

*Some of the glossaries that mention "abhiṣeka" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…頭頂に水を灌(そそ)ぎ,その人物がある位に進んだことを証する儀式のこと。灌頂はサンスクリットでアビシェーカabhiṣekaまたはアビシェーチャナabhiṣecanaといい,もとインドで帝王の即位や立太子のときに行われた儀式で,たとえば〈即位灌頂〉においては四大海の水を頭頂に注ぎ,それによって四海に至るまでの全世界の掌握を象徴したのである。これが仏教にもとり入れられ,大乗仏教では最後の修行を終えた菩薩が悟りを開いて仏になるとき,諸仏から智水の灌頂を受けて成仏するものとされた。…

【沐浴】より

…インダス文明の遺構には,儀礼に用いたとされる〈沐浴場〉が発見されている。バラモン教の祭式の中には,潔斎のための沐浴(ディークシャーdīkṣā)や,聖別した水で沐浴することによる聖別(アビシェーカabhiṣeka),死の穢れなどをはらうための沐浴(ウダコーパスパルシャナudakopasparśana)などがしばしば現れ,新生児の初湯を誕生儀礼の一環とする例もある。ヒンドゥー教の儀礼の中では,ガンガー(ガンジス)川流域を中心とする巡礼地(ティールタtīrtha)で行われる沐浴(スナーナsnāna)が顕著である。…

※「abhiṣeka」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報

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