abduction

Japanese: abduction

…Although Peirce was not able to complete this system, he founded phenomenology, which was to be its rigorous foundational science, and further created a highly original and comprehensive theory of symbols (semiology) by carrying out a precise classification of symbols based on the principles of phenomenology, in which Peirce derived three universal phenomenological categories called "firstness," "secondness," and "thirdness." In logic, too, he divided arguments into three types, "deduction," "induction," and "abduction," according to the three categories, and left behind many writings on each type of logic. In metaphysics, he took the standpoint of his own scholastic realism, which asserts the existence of universal and general laws (a mode of existence called "thirdness" in phenomenology), and made it the metaphysical premise of pragmatism, and further discussed various problems in metaphysics from that standpoint. …

From [Discovery Method]

…Inference related to discovery is an idea that proposes a hypothesis, which does not fall within the framework of normal formal logic and has traditionally been ignored. However, historically, Aristotle had already taken up reduction apagōgē in addition to deduction synagōgē and induction apagōgē, and CS Peirce translated this as abduction, emphasizing the significance of this hypothesis-proposing discovery thinking. Types of ideas as discovery methods are thought to include analogy, universalization, extremes, and systematization. …

*Some terminology explanations that mention "abduction" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

Japanese:

…パースはこの体系を完成することはできなかったが，その厳密な基礎学となるべき〈現象学〉を創設し，さらに，その現象学の原理――パースは〈第一性〉〈第二性〉〈第三性〉と呼ばれる三つの普遍的現象学的カテゴリーを導き出している――に基づいて緻密な記号の分類を行いつつ，きわめて独創的･包括的な記号理論(記号学)を創設した。論理学においても三つのカテゴリーにしたがって論証を〈演繹（えんえき）〉〈帰納〉〈アブダクションabduction〉の三つのタイプに分け，それぞれの論理について多くの著述を残している。形而上学では普遍的一般的法則的なもの(現象学的には〈第三性〉と呼ばれる存在の様式)の実在を主張する独自のスコラ的実在論の立場に立って，それをプラグマティズムの形而上学的前提とし，さらにその立場から形而上学の諸問題を論じている。…

【発見法】より

…発見に関係する推論は，仮説を提起する〈発想〉であり，これは通常の形式論理学の枠内に入らず従来無視されてきた。しかし歴史的にもすでにアリストテレスは，〈演繹synagōgē〉と〈帰納epagōgē〉のほかに〈還元apagōgē〉をとり上げており，C.S.パースはこれを〈アブダクションabduction〉と訳して，その仮説提起的な発見的思考の意義を強調していた。　こうした発見法としての発想の諸型として，〈類推〉〈普遍化〉〈極限化〉〈システム化〉などがあると考えられる。…

※「abduction」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

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