Physicist. Inventor of the tunnel diode, also known as the Esaki diode. Born in Osaka as the eldest son of his father Soichiro, an architect, he graduated from the Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo in 1947 (Showa 22). He joined Kawanishi Machine Works (later Kobe Kogyo, now Fujitsu Ten) and began his research career. In 1956, he moved to Tokyo Tsushin Kogyo (now Sony) and began research on pn junction diodes with low reverse withstand voltage. In the summer of 1957, he discovered that in a thin pn junction, the current due to the tunnel effect can become dominant in the forward direction, and that negative resistance appears, which led to the invention of the tunnel diode. In 1960, he moved to the IBM Watson Central Research Center in the United States. In 1969, he proposed the concept of artificial superlattice crystals, and through subsequent multifaceted research, he developed it into a fundamental concept in the field of semiconductors. In 1973, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "experimental discovery of the tunneling phenomenon in semiconductors," the Order of Culture in 1974, and the Japan Prize in 1998. He served as president of the University of Tsukuba from 1992 to 1998, and became president of the Shibaura Institute of Technology in 2000 and Yokohama Pharmaceutical University in 2006. [Arakawa Hiroshi] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
物理学者。トンネルダイオード、別名エサキダイオードの発明者。建築家の父壮一郎の長男として大阪で生まれ、1947年(昭和22)東京大学理学部物理学科を卒業、川西機械製作所(後の神戸工業、現在の富士通テン)に入社し、研究生活に入った。1956年東京通信工業(現、ソニー)に移り、逆耐電圧の低いpn接合ダイオードの研究を開始。1957年夏、薄いpn接合で順方向においてトンネル効果による電流が支配的になりうること、そして負性抵抗が現れることを発見し、トンネルダイオードの発明に至った。1960年アメリカのIBMワトソン中央研究所に移った。1969年人工超格子結晶概念を提起し、その後の多面的な研究を通じて、これを半導体分野の基本的な概念となるまでに発展させた。1973年「半導体におけるトンネル現象の実験的発見」によりノーベル物理学賞、翌1974年には文化勲章、1998年には日本国際賞を受けた。1992年(平成4)から1998年まで筑波大学学長を務め、2000年に芝浦工業大学学長、2006年には横浜薬科大学学長に就任した。 [荒川 泓] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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