It is a position that considers only laws that are enacted through a certain legislative procedure set by the state and norms that are actually applied by the courts to be law, and excludes norms other than these positive laws from legal consideration. Therefore, in legal positivism, mere moral or religious norms are not considered to be law, and the existence of so-called natural law is also denied. In philosophy and sociology, the term positivism means an empirical position, that is, a position that only propositions that can be verified by observation are meaningful propositions, but in legal theory, such an empirical position is called realism and not legal positivism. Representative legal theories of legal positivism include conceptual jurisprudence, Hans Kelsen's pure jurisprudence, and the theories of some scholars of modern Anglo-American analytical jurisprudence. [Kobayashi] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
国家が定める一定の立法手続を経て制定される法、および裁判所により現実に適用されている規範のみを法とみなし、これら実定法以外の規範を法的考察の対象から排除する立場をいう。したがって法実証主義においては、単なる道徳規範や宗教規範は法と考えられず、またいわゆる自然法の存在も否定される。実証主義positivismという表現は、哲学や社会学においては、経験論的立場、すなわち観察により検証される命題のみを有意味な命題とする立場を意味するが、法理論においては、このような経験論的立場はリアリズムとよばれ、法実証主義とはいわない。法実証主義の代表的法理論としては、概念法学、ハンス・ケルゼンの純粋法学、現代英米の分析法学の一部の学者たちの理論などがあげられる。 [小林 公] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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