This word expresses the spirit of wabi tea perfected by Sen no Rikyu as the Four Noble Truths. It has been passed down as one of the "Four Rules and Seven Principles" advocated by Rikyu, but it was not actually expressed by Rikyu. It can be said that this word was advocated to capture the spirit of Rikyu during the Genroku period (1688-1704), when calls for a return to Rikyu were made to mark the 100th anniversary of Rikyu's death. In other words, the word first appeared in 1699 (Genroku 12) in "Chasoden" (1730), with a preface by Kyomyo-shi (Daishingito, 23rd abbot of Daitoku-ji Temple). In the preface, it is said that when Shogun Ashikaga Yoshimasa asked Juko what tea was, Juko responded that it was a state of "purity, zen, joy, and happiness," and that tea is "respectful, pure, and serenity" based on etiquette. Rikyu then based this statement on the four noble truths that form the basis of the tea ceremony: "The four elements of the way of tea today are harmony, respect, purity, and serenity. These are the four truths that Rikyu, the founder of tea, Jukou, said in his Tozan Genkobun. Since then, this term has come to be widely known as the most concise way to describe wabi-cha, and remains so to this day. [Kouichi Tsutsui] Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
千利休(せんのりきゅう)によって大成された佗(わび)茶の精神を四諦(したい)として表現した語。利休によって唱えられた「四規七則」のなかの四規として伝承されているが、実際は利休によって表現された語ではない。利休百年忌を迎えた元禄(げんろく)時代(1688~1704)に至って利休回帰が叫ばれるなかから、その精神性をとらえて唱えられた語といえよう。すなわちその語の初見は、1699年(元禄12)巨妙子(きょみょうし)(大徳寺23世大心義統(だいしんぎとう))の序による『茶祖伝』(1730刊)である。その序文で、将軍足利義政(あしかがよしまさ)が珠光(じゅこう)に向かって茶の何たるかを尋ねたところ、「一味清浄禅悦法喜」の境地であるといい、茶は礼を本義として「謹兮(きんなり)、清兮、寂兮」であると申し上げたといっている。そして利休がこの語を踏まえて「今茶之道四焉、能和能敬能清能寂、是利休因茶祖珠光答東山源公文所云」という四諦を茶の湯の根本に据えたというのである。その後、佗び茶を表現するもっとも簡潔な語として人口に膾炙(かいしゃ)されて現在に至っている。 [筒井紘一] 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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