From the late Muromachi period to the early modern period, the privileged clan leaders were in charge of the city's self-governing organizations. In economically advanced cities such as Kinai and its surrounding port towns, self-governing organizations were created, but they were run by a council of several to a dozen upper-class merchants. They were called toshiyori (elder councilors), roju (senior councilors), otona (seniors), etc., and the kaigoshu was one of them. The most famous example is Sakai in Izumi (Osaka Prefecture), which prospered through overseas trade, where 36 wealthy merchants were listed as kaigoshu during the Sengoku period and ran the city government. In addition, in Ominato, the outer port of Ise Shrine, shipping wholesalers formed a kaigoshu. In Uji Rokugo, a town in front of the shrine, a kaigoshu was formed at the beginning of the Edo period and met to handle the affairs of the town's governance. [Hisao Shimizu] "Revised Edition: Research on the History of Commerce in Medieval Japan" by Takeshi Toyoda (1952, Iwanami Shoten) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
室町時代後期から近世初頭にかけて、都市の市政自治組織をつかさどった特権的門閥指導者層。畿内(きない)およびその周辺の港町などの経済的先進都市では、自治組織がつくられたが、それらは数名から十数名の上層商人の合議制によって運営されていた。彼らは年寄(としより)、老中(ろうじゅう)、おとななどの名称でよばれたが、会合衆もその一つである。もっとも有名なのは、海外貿易で栄えた和泉(いずみ)(大阪府)の堺(さかい)で、戦国時代には36人の豪商が会合衆として名を連ね、市政を運営した。そのほかにも伊勢(いせ)神宮の外港大湊(おおみなと)では、廻船(かいせん)問屋が会合衆を結成した。また神宮門前町の宇治六郷では、江戸時代の初めに会合年寄を構成し、集議して郷統治の事務をとっていた。 [清水久夫] 『豊田武著『増訂 中世日本商業史の研究』(1952・岩波書店)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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