The capital of the UK. It is the largest city in the country, located in the southeast of England, straddling both sides of the Thames River. The City is the center of London, and 12 other boroughs, including Westminster, formed the County of London. However, due to the expansion of the metropolitan area and the need for regional administration, Greater London (32 boroughs in addition to the City) was formed in 1965, including areas with a radius of approximately 24 km from London Bridge, such as Middlesex, Kent, and parts of Essex. This regional administrative area was abolished by Prime Minister Thatcher in 1986 along with the City Council, and administrative affairs were transferred to each borough. It is not only the center of commerce, industry, finance, culture, and politics in the UK, but also the center of finance and insurance in the world. The City, Holborn, and Finsbury are commercial and financial districts, and the Bank of England and financial institutions from various countries are concentrated around Lombard Street. The West End to the west of the City consists of Westminster and Kensington, and is home to Buckingham Palace, the British Parliament, various government offices, and Piccadilly Circus, as well as high-end shopping districts and high-end residential areas. The East End to the east of the City was once a slum area, but it underwent a complete makeover after the destruction caused by World War II, and the south and eastern banks of the Thames have become industrial districts, with industries such as oil refining, flour milling, cement, machinery, printing and publishing, and textiles developing. The area along the Thames downstream from London Bridge is a port district. The West End is home to many educational and cultural facilities, including the British Museum, National Gallery, Tate Gallery, Tate Modern, Westminster Abbey, St. Paul's Cathedral, and the University of London, as well as parks such as Regent's Park, Hyde Park, Kensington Gardens, and Green Park. Main railway lines converge here, and the subway has developed in the city center. In July 2005, the subway was attacked by a group believed to be affiliated with Al-Qaeda in a series of simultaneous terrorist attacks during the G8 summit in Scotland, and in August 2011, major riots broke out in London, mainly among young people dissatisfied with the social divide. However, London successfully hosted the 2012 Summer Olympics, leaving an impression of stability in public order. This is the third time the Olympics have been held in London in 64 years. During the ancient Roman era, it developed as a crossing point on the banks of the Thames and was called Londinium. In the 7th century, it was the capital of the Kingdom of Essex. Since William I ascended to the throne in 1066, it has been the capital of England, and was granted autonomy at the end of the 12th century. The entire city was destroyed by fire in 1666, but after its reconstruction it became the center of international finance, and with the rapid expansion of its scale, especially as the population concentrated in cities after the Industrial Revolution, it prospered as the world's largest economic and political center, but in the 20th century, it lost its position to New York. 8,173,941 people (2011, Greater London). → Related topics United Kingdom | Palace of Westminster, Westminster Abbey and St. Margaret's Church | St. Pancras Station | Victoria Station | London Olympics (1908) | London Olympics (1948) | London Olympics (2012) LondonLondonSource : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
英国の首都。イングランド南東部,テムズ川両岸にまたがる同国最大の都市。中心をなすのはシティで,ほかにウェストミンスターなど12区がカウンティ・オブ・ロンドンを形成していたが,首都圏の拡大と広域行政の立場から,ミドルセックス,ケントやエセックスの一部など,ロンドン橋からほぼ半径24kmの地域までを含むグレーター・ロンドンGreater London(シティのほか32区)が1965年に形成された。この広域行政圏は1986年市議会とともにサッチャー首相によって廃止され,行政事務は各区に移管された。 英国の商工業・金融・文化・政治の中心であるだけでなく,世界の金融・保険の中心でもある。シティ,ホルボーン,フィンズベリーなどが商取引・金融地区で,ロンバード街を中心にイングランド銀行や各国金融機関の店舗が密集する。シティ西方のウェスト・エンドはウェストミンスター,ケンジントンなどからなり,バッキンガム宮殿,イギリス国会議事堂,諸官庁,ピカデリー・サーカスなどの繁華街や高級商店街,高級住宅地がある。シティ東方のイースト・エンドはかつてスラム街であったが,第2次大戦の戦災を機に面目を一新,テムズ川南岸や東部は工業地区をなし,製油,製粉,セメント,機械,印刷・出版,繊維などの工業が発達している。ロンドン橋より下流のテムズ川沿岸は港湾地区をなす。ウェスト・エンドを中心に大英博物館,ナショナル・ギャラリー,テート・ギャラリー,テート・モダン,ウェストミンスター・アベー,セント・ポール大聖堂,ロンドン大学などの教育文化施設が多く,リージェント・パーク,ハイド・パーク,ケンジントン・ガーデン,グリーン・パークなどの公園がある。幹線鉄道が集結し,都心部に地下鉄が発達。その地下鉄が2005年7月,スコットランドでG8サミット開催中に同時多発テロでアル・カーイダ系とみられる組織に攻撃され,2011年8月,ロンドンで格差社会に不満を持つ若者を中心とする大きな暴動が起こったが,2012年夏期オリンピック開催を成功させ,治安安定を印象づけた。ロンドンでのオリンピック開催は64年ぶり3度目である。 古代ローマ時代テムズ川河岸の渡津として発展し,ロンディニウムLondiniumと呼ばれた。7世紀にはエセックス王国の主都。1066年ウィリアム1世が即位して以来イングランドの主都となり,12世紀末には自治が認められた。1666年大火により全市焼失したが,復興以後は国際金融の中心となり,特に産業革命後の人口の都市集中に伴い急激に規模を拡大,世界の経済・政治の最大の中心として繁栄したが,20世紀に入ってその地位をニューヨークに奪われた。817万3941人(2011,大ロンドン)。 →関連項目イギリス|ウェストミンスター宮殿,ウェストミンスター寺院及びセント・マーガレット教会|セント・パンクラス[駅]|ビクトリア[駅]|ロンドンオリンピック(1908年)|ロンドンオリンピック(1948年)|ロンドンオリンピック(2012年) ロンドンロンドン出典 株式会社平凡社百科事典マイペディアについて 情報 |
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