...Balloons, which were used primarily for adventure flights at first, were later used for military purposes as well. They were used to scout for enemy movements during the French Revolution, and in the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, they were used to communicate between besieged Paris and the outside world. The altitude record for a manned balloon was 16,940m, set by A. Piccard in 1931, and has since been broken one after another. The current record is 34,668m, set in 1961 by Malcolm D. Ross and Victor A. Prather of the U.S. Navy, who launched a balloon of about 280,000m3 from an aircraft carrier. The most commonly used balloons today are hot air balloons for sports and unmanned helium balloons for scientific observation. ... *Some of the terminology that mentions "Ross, MD" is listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
…最初はもっぱら冒険飛行に使われていた気球も,やがて軍事面でも利用されるようになり,フランス革命では敵情の偵察に使用されたのをはじめ,1870年の普仏戦争では,包囲されたパリと外部との連絡を行うのにも用いられた。 有人気球の高度記録は1931年のA.ピカールによって樹立された1万6940mに続いて,次々と更新され,現在の記録は,アメリカ海軍のロスMalcolm D.RossとプレーザーVictor A.Pratherが61年,約28万m3の気球を航空母艦から発進させて達成した3万4668mである。 現在もっともよく使われている気球は,スポーツ用の熱気球と,科学観測用の無人のヘリウム気球である。… ※「Ross,M.D.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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