Buryat - Buryatgo

Japanese: ブリヤート語 - ぶりやーとご
Buryat - Buryatgo

A Mongolian language. It is spoken mainly by the Buryat Mongolians who live in the Republic of Buryatia in the Russian Federation, and also in parts of Inner Mongolia. It is estimated that there are more than 300,000 speakers.

Among the Mongolian languages, it is classified as a northern dialect and has various phonological characteristics. For example, the standard Khalkha ts sound is replaced by an s sound in Buryat, the Khalkha tʃ is replaced by an ʃ, and the Khalkha s is replaced by an h. Examples include Khalkha tsagaan "white": Buryat sagaan "white", Khalkha tʃada- "able": Buryat ʃada- "able", Khalkha usa (ŋ) "water": Buryat uhaŋ "water".

Currently, the Buryat-Mongolian script is based on the Cyrillic alphabet established in 1939, but the written language written in this script is based on the Khor dialect of Buryat.

[Shigeo Ozawa]

[Reference] | Buryatia

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

モンゴル系の言語の一つ。おもにロシア連邦のブリヤーチア共和国に居住するブリヤート・モンゴル人の使用する言語で、内モンゴル(内蒙古(もうこ))の一部でも話されている。使用人口は30万人を超すと推定される。

 モンゴル系の言語のなかでは、北部方言として分類され、さまざまな音韻的特徴をもっている。たとえば、標準的なハルハ語のtsの音に対し、ブリヤート語ではsの音が、ハルハ語のtʃに対しʃが、またハルハ語のsに対しhが現れるなどのごとくで、以下のような例があげられる。ハルハ語tsagaan「白い」:ブリヤート語sagaan「白い」、ハルハ語tʃada-「できる」:ブリヤート語ʃada-「できる」、ハルハ語usa(ŋ)「水」:ブリヤート語uhaŋ「水」。

 現在は、1939年に制定されたキリル文字に基づくブリヤート・モンゴル文字が用いられているが、この文字によって書かれる文章語はブリヤート語ホリ方言に基づいている。

[小沢重男]

[参照項目] | ブリヤーチア

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

<<:  Buryat people - Buryat (English spelling)

>>:  Republic of Buryatia (English spelling)

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