It is a spring festival on May 1st, celebrated by holding various games and contests. In England, a May Queen is chosen from among the girls. It is said that May dew before dawn on May 1st is good for beauty and health, and washing your face with it will make you beautiful. It is also said to bring good luck. In northern Europe, people light fires on the day before and draw crosses on houses, barns, and fields to ward off witches and evil spirits. The night before is also Walpurgis Night, when witches gather on Mount Brocken. Many lands start grazing on this day. It is also said to be good for sowing seeds. On the other hand, it is also considered an unlucky day, and people should not work, and baking bread or loosening flax will cause a drought. An old Scandinavian tradition of summer and winter fighting each other and summer winning was preserved in an event on the Isle of Man in England where the May Queen and Winter Queen fight each other, and this festival was positioned as the point at which such opposing forces competed. The selection of the bride and groom in May, decorated with flowers and plants in Switzerland, was banned by the church in 1614 (1644 in England). This was due to paganism. As a result, the elders' event was replaced by a children's event. On this day, people invited upward energy and prayed for good health and fertility for humans, livestock, and crops. Therefore, on this day, including in France, there are many customs related to love. May festival is also known for the Maypole. People dance around a sacred tree such as a fir, spruce, or birch that is erected the night before, and new love is often born from this. Nowadays, people just erect the Maypole and don't dance much. In Austrian villages, bands come out early in the morning to receive gifts. The Maypole is auctioned off. [Michio Iide] "The Golden Bough 1" by J. G. Fraser, translated by Takusuke Nagahashi (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Annual Events in Britain and America" by Yoshio Higashiura and Emiko Itakura (1963, Kenkyusha)" ▽ "Introduction to German Folklore" by W. Diener, translated by Toyohiko Kawabata (1960, Kobundo)" ▽ "Masks and Festivals" by Norikatsu Endo (1982, Sanseido) Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
5月1日の春祭で、いろいろな遊戯や競技を催して祝う。イギリスでは、少女のなかから5月の女王を選ぶ。5月1日の夜明け前の草露(May dew)は美と健康によく、その露で顔を洗うと美人になると伝えられる。また幸運になるともいう。主として北ヨーロッパ各地では前日に火をたき、家、家畜小屋、畑に十字架をかく。魔女、悪霊よけのためである。前夜はブロッケン山に魔女が集まるワルプルギスの夜でもある。この日に放牧を始める土地が多い。種播(たねま)きによいともいう。その一方、不吉な日ともされ、働いてはいけない、パンを焼いたり亜麻(あま)をほぐすと日照りになるという。スカンジナビアの、夏と冬が争って夏が勝つ古伝承が、イギリスのマン島の5月の女王と冬の女王が争う行事に残っていたが、この祭りはそういう相反する力が競り合う時点に位置づけられていた。スイスの花や草木に飾られた5月の花嫁・花婿選びは、1614年に教会から禁止された(イギリスでは1644年)。異教思想のためである。その結果、年長者の行事が子供の行事にすり替えられた。人々はこの日、上昇のエネルギーを招き、人間、家畜、作物の無病息災と豊饒(ほうじょう)を願った。したがってこの日はフランスをはじめとして、愛にかかわる習俗も多い。五月祭は五月柱(Maypole)でも知られる。前夜に立てたモミ、トウヒ、シラカバなどの聖木の周りを、人々は踊り、そこからしばしば新しい愛が生まれた。最近は五月柱を立てるだけであまり踊らない。オーストリアの村では早朝から楽隊が出て祝儀をもらう。五月柱は競売される。 [飯豊道男] 『J・G・フレーザー著、永橋卓介訳『金枝篇1』(岩波文庫)』▽『東浦義雄・板倉恵美子著『英米の年中行事』(1963・研究社)』▽『W・ディーナー著、川端豊彦訳『ドイツ民俗学入門』(1960・弘文堂)』▽『遠藤紀勝著『仮面と祝祭』(1982・三省堂)』 出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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