Pierre de Ronsard

French poet. Leader of the Pleiade movement. Youngest son of a nobleman from the region of Bandemore. Raised in a pagan atmosphere by his father, who served in the Italian Wars and was exposed to the beauty of the Renaissance, he dreamed of becoming a warrior and entered the royal court, but due to illness he became deaf and had his head shaved (1543) and was made a monk. Under the teachings of the humanist Jean Dorat (1508-88), he formed the brigade, the predecessor of the Pleiade movement, with Baif, Du Bellay and others, and aimed to reform the French language and poetry. He established his fame with Four Odes (1550), which showed a high level of lyricism not seen in France before, and Liebessons (1552), which sang of Cassandre, who had Italian descent, and established the sonnet in France. He published the informal "Continuation of Love Poems" (1555) and "New Continuation of Love Poems" (1556), which sing of Marie, a country girl from Anjou, in parallel with the grand philosophical poem "Hymns" (1555-56). During the Wars of Religion, he represented the Catholic camp and argued with Protestants in "Admonition to the French People" (1562) and "De le quattro le monstros" (1563), preaching peace, and also began work on the epic poem "Franciades" (unfinished) for the founding of France. After "Sonnet to Hélène" (1578), which sings of his love in his later years, he left the court and died in a priory near Tours. Regarded as the greatest lyric poet in Europe, he introduced rich lyricism, established moderate meter, and claimed that the poet's vocation is to convey the word of God, revolutionizing the traditional view of poetry. However, after his death, he was erased by classicists, but was reinstated with the rise of romanticism.

[Isamu Takada]

"Poems of Ronsard, translated by Kyuichiro Inoue (Iwanami Bunko)" ▽ "Odes (excerpts) translated by Haniya Kubota and Isamu Takada (included in "World Famous Poems Collection 2", 1960, Heibonsha)"

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの詩人。プレイアード派の首領。バンドモア地方の貴族の末子。イタリア戦争に従軍し、ルネサンスの美に触れた父により異教的雰囲気のなかに育てられ、武人を夢みて宮廷入りしたが、病で難聴となったため剃髪(ていはつ)（1543）、僧禄(そうろく)を得る。ユマニストのジャン・ドラJean Dorat（1508―88）の教えの下、バイフ、デュ・ベレーなどとプレイアード派の前身「部隊(ブリガード)」brigadeを形成、フランス語、フランス詩の改革を目ざす。従来のフランスにない高度の叙情を示す『オード四部集』（1550）、イタリアの血を引くカッサンドルを歌いフランスにソネットを定着させた『恋愛詩集』（1552）で名声を確立。アンジューの田舎(いなか)娘マリを歌うくだけた『続恋愛詩集』（1555）、『新続恋愛詩集』（1556）と壮大な哲学詩『賛歌集』（1555～56）を並行して発表。宗教戦争時代にはカトリック陣営を代表し『フランス国民への訓戒』（1562）、『当代の惨禍を論ず』（1563）で新教徒と論戦し、平和を説き、フランス建国の叙事詩『フランシアード』（未完）にも着手。晩年の恋を歌う『エレーヌへのソネット』（1578）以後は宮廷を去り、トゥール近郊の小修道院で没す。ヨーロッパ最大の叙情詩人と仰がれ、豊かな叙情を導入、節度ある韻律を確立するとともに、詩人は神のことばを伝える天職と主張し、旧来の詩観を一新したが、死後は古典主義者から抹殺され、ロマン派の勃興(ぼっこう)によって復権された。

［高田　勇］

『井上究一郎訳『ロンサール詩集』（岩波文庫）』▽『窪田般彌・高田勇訳『オード集（抄）』（『世界名詩集大成2』所収・1960・平凡社）』

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