Robbia - Luca della Robbia

Japanese: ロッビア - ろっびあ(英語表記)Luca della Robbia
Robbia - Luca della Robbia

Italian sculptor and ceramist. Born in Florence, he joined the sculptors' guild in 1432. He is well known as the inventor of glazed terracotta, and his unique compositional technique of arranging white figures on a navy blue background fascinates people. For this reason, it is easy to overlook the fact that he was one of the leaders of marble sculpture in early Renaissance Florence at a young age. His most important marble sculpture is the Cantoria (1431-38), created for the Florence Cathedral. It was completed before Donatello's Cantoria (1433-39), also created for the same cathedral, but the motif of the putto (infant) in relief on the screen of both works is thought to have been inspired by ancient Roman sarcophagi.

Robbia's most famous works as a ceramicist are the semicircular reliefs of the Resurrection and Ascension of Christ, which are installed above the entrances to the Old and New Sacristies of the Cathedral of Florence, and the medallions of saints and evangelists that decorate the interior of the Pazzi Chapel (although in recent years some have suggested that the reliefs in the chapel were designed by Brunelleschi). The tombstone of Bishop Benozzo Federighi in the Basilica of Santa Trinita in Florence, a recumbent marble figure, is one of his masterpieces, along with the cantori reliefs.

In addition, the Robbia family, including his nephew Andrea (1435-1525) and his two sons Giovanni (1469-1529) and Girolamo (1488-1566), also produced many decorative reliefs using glazed terracotta, an invention of Luca.

[Katsuya Hamatani]

[Reference] | Terracotta
Robbia's Madonna and Child in the Niche
Circa 1460 Glazed terracotta 47.3 x 38.7 cm Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art

Robbia's Madonna and Child in the Niche


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

イタリアの彫刻家、陶芸家。フィレンツェの人。1432年同地の彫刻家組合に加盟。彼は釉薬(ゆうやく)を施したテラコッタの創案者としてあまりにも有名で、紺地に白を主調とした人物像を配する独特の構図法で人々を魅了する。そのため、彼が若くして初期ルネサンスのフィレンツェにおける大理石彫刻の主導者の一人であったことが、ややもすれば等閑視されがちである。大理石彫刻でもっとも重要な作品はフィレンツェ大聖堂に設置すべく制作されたカントリア(聖歌壇、1431~38。現同聖堂付属美術館蔵)である。これは、ドナテッロがやはり同聖堂のために制作したカントリア(1433~39)よりも前に完成されたが、両者にみられる障壁に浮彫りで表現したプットー(幼児)のモチーフは、古代ローマの石棺から着想されたとみなされている。

 陶芸家としてのロッビアの代表作は、フィレンツェ大聖堂の新旧両聖器室の入口上部に取り付けられているキリストの「復活」「昇天」を主題とした半円形浮彫り、およびパッツィ家礼拝堂の内部を装う聖者や福音(ふくいん)書記者たちを表す円形浮彫りである(近年、礼拝堂の浮彫りを設計担当者ブルネレスキに帰する主張も現れている)。またフィレンツェのサンタ・トリニタ聖堂にある司教ベノッツォ・フェデリギの墓碑彫刻は大理石の横臥(おうが)像で、カントリアの浮彫りと並ぶ彼の傑作である。

 なお、彼の甥(おい)アンドレア(1435―1525)、アンドレアの2人の子ジョバンニ(1469―1529)、ジローラモ(1488―1566)らのロッビア一族も、ルカの創案になる施釉テラコッタで多くの装飾浮彫りを手がけている。

[濱谷勝也]

[参照項目] | テラコッタ
ロッビア『壁龕の聖母子』
1460年ころ 施釉テラコッタ 47.3×38.7cmメトロポリタン美術館所蔵">

ロッビア『壁龕の聖母子』


出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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