A branch of clinical medicine that uses X-rays and radioisotopes for diagnosis and X-rays, gamma rays, and other ionizing radiation for treatment. It is generally divided into three sections: diagnostic radiology, nuclear medicine, and radiotherapy. Recent advances in this field have been remarkable, with the development of computed tomography, radiopharmaceuticals, nuclear medicine diagnostic equipment, and neutron irradiation equipment, among many others. Within hospitals, radiology departments are often centralized because they are closely related to almost all clinical departments. In response to this trend, Japan has also adopted the radiology specialist system and is working to establish it. There have also been remarkable advances in physics related to radiation medicine (radiation physics), research into various radiation damage, and biology using radiation (radiobiology), and an independent field called basic radiation medicine has emerged. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
X線や放射性同位元素を用いて診断し,X線やγ線その他の電離放射線などを用いて治療する,臨床医学の一分野。一般に放射線診断学,核医学,放射線治療学の3つに分けられる。この分野の最近の進歩はめざましく,コンピュータ断層撮影,放射性医薬品,核医学診断装置,中性子照射装置などの開発と枚挙にいとまがない。病院内では,放射線科はほとんどすべての臨床科と密接に関係するために,中央化されることが多くなった。こうした動きに対応して,日本でも放射線専門医制度を取入れ,その確立を急いでいる。また,放射線医学に関連した物理学 (放射線物理学) ,種々の放射線障害の研究,放射線を利用した生物学 (放射線生物学) などの進歩も著しく,放射線基礎医学という独立した分野が出現した。
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