Born: April 18, 1797 in Marseille Died: September 3, 1877. Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Seine-et-Oise. French politician and historian. He studied law at university, and in 1821 he went to Paris to publish the bourgeois republican journal "The National." He protested against the July Edict of 1830, which sparked the July Revolution. He served as prime minister in 1834 and 1840. After the February Revolution of 1848, he became a leader of the conservative faction, and voted for Napoleon III in the presidential election, but came into conflict with Napoleon for supporting reactionary legislation aimed at weakening the power of the republicans, and went into exile after the December 1851 coup. He returned to France in 1853, and spent the next ten years in retirement, but he also worked with the Orléanist faction, and harshly criticized the domestic and foreign policies of the Second Empire. After the collapse of the National Defense Government, he was appointed Executive of the French Republic by the parliament on February 17, 1871, and ratified the Treaty of Frankfurt with Germany to settle the Franco-Prussian War. When the Paris Commune broke out on March 18 of the same year, he fled to Versailles, and with the help of Bismarck, he overthrew the Paris Commune and became president in August of the same year. He considered the reconstruction of France and advocated a republican government, but was attacked by royalists and fell from power in May 1873. As a historian, he wrote Histoire de la Révolution française (History of the French Revolution) (10 volumes, 23-27) and Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire (History of the Consulate and Empire) (20 volumes, 45-62). Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1797.4.18. マルセイユ [没]1877.9.3. セーヌエオアーズ,サンジェルマンアンレ フランスの政治家,歴史家。大学では法律を学び,1821年パリに出てブルジョア共和派の機関誌『ナショナル』を発行したが,30年の七月勅令に抗議し七月革命の発端をつくった。 34年と 40年に首相をつとめた。 48年二月革命後保守派の指導者となり,大統領選挙ではナポレオン3世に投票したが,共和派の勢力弱体化をねらう反動立法に賛成してナポレオンと対立,51年 12月のクーデター後亡命。 53年帰国し,その後 10年間は引退生活をおくりつつもオルレアン王朝派と手を握り,第二帝政の内外政策をきびしく糾弾した。国防政府の崩壊後,71年2月 17日議会よりフランス共和国行政官に任命され,普仏戦争処理のためにドイツとフランクフルト講和条約を批准した。同年3月 18日パリ・コミューンが起ると,ベルサイユに逃れ,ビスマルクの援助を受けてパリ・コミューンを崩壊させ,同年8月大統領に就任。彼はフランスの再建を考え,共和政を主張したが,王党派の攻撃を受けて 73年5月失脚。歴史家としては『フランス革命史』 Histoire de la Révolution française (10巻,23~27) と『統領政府と帝政の歴史』 Histoire du Consulat et de l'Empire (20巻,45~62) の著書がある。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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