Renault SA

Japanese: ルノー(英語表記)Renault S.A.
Renault SA
A French automobile company founded in 1898 by Louis Renault and his brothers as Renault Frères. In 1905, the company released the first model that would later be widely adopted as a taxi, and became famous as the "Taxis of the Marne" for carrying soldiers to the battlefield with 600 taxis during World War I. In the 1920s, the company began producing small cars and became one of the leading companies in the French automobile industry. After World War II, the company was nationalized and its assets were confiscated by the state in 1945 for collaborating with the Nazis, and it became Renault Corporation. Later, the company succeeded in mass-producing the small passenger car 4CV, and in 1955, it established a subsidiary company, SAVIEM, and expanded into the production of trucks, buses, etc. Renault produces medium-sized passenger cars, commercial vehicles, tractors, and industrial and marine engines. In 1974, Renault acquired Citroën's bus and truck division, the car manufacturer M. Berlier, precision tool manufacturer Construction de Crissy, and motorcycle manufacturer Velosolex. In 1990, Renault partnered with Volvo in passenger and commercial vehicles and reorganized as a joint stock company. The French government transferred 25% of the shares to Volvo. The merger proposal with Volvo was later withdrawn, and in 2012 Renault sold all of its Volvo shares. In 1999, Renault formed a capital alliance with Nissan Motors, effectively bringing Nissan under its control. In the same year, Renault also acquired Romania's Dacia, and in 2000, Samsung Motors.

Renault
Renault, Louis

Born: 1877. Paris
[Died] October 24, 1944. Paris. French car manufacturer. Founder of Renault, France's largest car company. He manufactured his first car in 1898. He developed a small car with his two brothers, Fernand and Marcel, and founded Renault Frères. Renault Frères cars won many races and attracted attention, but Marcel died in an accident in the Paris-Madrid car race in 1903. After that, Renault withdrew from car racing and focused on car manufacturing. The Renault FT tank, developed in 1918, was used to escort infantry at the end of World War I. He continued to increase the production capacity of his factory in Boulogne-Billancourt, and after the war, he expanded his business to agricultural machinery, marine equipment, industrial machinery, and diesel engines. He continued to manufacture munitions under German occupation during World War II, and was imprisoned as a Nazi collaborator after France was liberated. He died in prison before his trial. After Renault's death, Renault was nationalized in 1945.

Renault
Renault, Jean Louis

Born: May 21, 1843 in Autun
Died: February 8, 1918. Born in Barbizon. A French legal scholar. He was professor at both the universities of Dijon and Paris, where he taught Roman law, commercial law, and international law. In addition, he was an advisor to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1890), where he examined foreign policy from the perspective of international law. He attended the Hague Peace Conference (1999, 1907) and the London Disarmament Conference (2008-2009), among others. As an arbitration judge, he successfully mediated many disputes. In 1907, he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize together with E. Moneta of Italy. His main work was "Introduction à l'étude du droit international" (1879).

Renault
Renaud, Madeleine-Lucie

Born: February 21, 1900, Paris
[Died] September 23, 1994. French actress from the suburbs of Paris. She made her stage debut at the Comédie-Française in 1921, where she achieved success as the maiden in a comedy by Molière. She also appeared in films early on, and her refined acting made her popular. She married J.-L. Barrault, and in 1946 founded a theater company, performing works by J. Giraudoux and P. Claudel at the Théâtre Marigny, and also actively participated in avant-garde works by S. Beckett and M. Duras. She is recognized as one of the greatest contemporary French actresses.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
フランスの自動車会社。1898年ルイ・ルノーと兄弟によってルノー・フレールとして創立。1905年,のちにタクシーとして広く採用される最初のモデルを発表,第1次世界大戦中に 600台のタクシーで兵士を戦場へ運ぶ作戦を遂行した「マルヌのタクシー」として名をはせた。1920年代には小型車の生産に乗り出し,フランスの自動車産業における有力な企業の一つとなった。第2次世界大戦後ナチスに協力したとして,1945年資産を国家に押収されるとともに国有化され,ルノー公団となった。のち,小型乗用車 4CVの大量生産に成功,1955年子会社サビエム SAVIEMを設立,トラック,バスなどの生産に進出。中型乗用車を中心に商業車,トラクタ,工業・船舶用エンジンを生産するほか,1974年シトロエンのバス・トラック部門や自動車メーカーの M.ベルリエを買収したのをはじめ,精密工具メーカーのコンストリュクシオン・ド・クリシ,オートバイメーカーのベロソレックスを買収するなど事業多角化を推進した。1990年にボルボと乗用車,商用車で提携し,株式会社に組織変更。フランス政府がボルボに 25%の株式を譲渡した。ボルボとの合併案はのちに撤回され,2012年にルノーは保有するボルボの株式をすべて売却した。一方 1999年日産自動車との間で資本提携を結び,事実上日産を傘下に収めた。同年にルーマニアのダチア,2000年にはサムスン・モータースも傘下に収めた。

ルノー
Renault, Louis

[生]1877. パリ
[没]1944.10.24. パリ
フランスの自動車製造者。フランス最大の自動車会社ルノーの創業者。1898年に初めて自動車を製造した。2人の兄フェルナン,マルセルとともに小型自動車を開発し,ルノー・フレール社を設立した。ルノー・フレールの車は数々のレースで優勝し注目を集めたが,1903年のパリ―マドリード自動車レースでマルセルが事故死,以後ルノーは自動車レースから撤退し,自動車製造に専念した。1918年に開発したルノーFT戦車は,第1次世界大戦末期に歩兵の護衛に活躍した。ブーローニュビヤンクールの工場の生産能力を増強し続け,戦後は農業機械,船舶機器,工業機械,ディーゼルエンジン(→ディーゼル機関)へと事業を拡大した。第2次世界大戦中もドイツ占領下で軍需品の製造を続けたため,フランスが解放されると,ナチスの協力者として投獄された。裁判前に獄中で死亡。ルノーの死後,1945年にルノー社は国有化された。

ルノー
Renault, Jean Louis

[生]1843.5.21. オータン
[没]1918.2.8. バルビゾン
フランスの法学者。ディジョン,パリ両大学教授を歴任,ローマ法,商法,国際法を担当したほか,外務省顧問 (1890) として外交政策を国際法の観点から検討。ハーグ平和会議 (99,1907) ,ロンドン軍縮会議 (08~09) などに出席。仲裁裁判官として多くの紛争の仲裁に成功。 1907年イタリアの E.モネータとともにノーベル平和賞を受賞した。主著"Introduction à l'étude du droit international" (1879) 。

ルノー
Renaud, Madeleine-Lucie

[生]1900.2.21. パリ
[没]1994.9.23. パリ郊外
フランスの女優。 1921年コメディー・フランセーズで初舞台を踏み,モリエール喜劇の生娘役で成功,早くから映画にも出演,その洗練された演技が人気を呼んだ。 J.-L.バローと結婚し,46年劇団を創立,マリニー座で J.ジロドゥや P.クローデルの作品を演じ,S.ベケット,M.デュラスなど前衛的作品でも意欲的に活躍。現代フランスきっての名優と認められる。

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