Naturalist. Born in Delft, Holland, he worked in commerce there, as an assistant sheriff and as a liquor inspector, while studying independently for 50 years. He made lenses by grinding glass and crystal, and constructed a simple microscope with a magnification of about 300 times, with which he observed various things. He sent a description of his observations, including sketches, to the Royal Society in London. In 1674, he discovered a freshwater ciliate, which he named cilium because the hairs on the insect resembled eyelashes. In 1676, he discovered bacteria. This was observed under a microscope after sealing a glass tube with a solution of pepper powder and leaving it for several days. In 1680, he was recognized for his achievement in expanding the world of life beyond the reach of the naked eye, and was the first foreigner to be elected as a member of the Royal Society. His research was extensive, and he discovered animal sperm, and observed the striations of muscles and the structure of insect compound eyes. He also observed that there was a small, transparent light-like object in the center of the red blood cells of salmon, suggesting the existence of a cell nucleus. His works include "The Secrets of Nature Revealed by the Microscope" (4 volumes, 1695). [Ryo Katajima] [References] | | | | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
博物学者。オランダのデルフトに生まれ、そこで商業を営み、保安官助手や酒量検査官を務めるかたわら、50年にわたって独学で研究した。ガラスや水晶を研磨してレンズをつくり、倍率約300倍にも達する単式顕微鏡を組み立て、いろいろなものを観察した。スケッチを含む観察結果の記述をロンドンの王立協会へ送った。1674年に淡水産の繊毛虫を発見し、虫に生えている毛の姿はまつげに似ているとしてcilium(繊毛)と名づけた。1676年には細菌を発見した。これは、ガラス管にコショウの粉末の水溶液を入れて密封し、数日間放置したのちの検鏡で観察された。1680年には、肉眼ではみえない世界にまで生物界を拡大した業績が認められ、外国人としては初めて王立協会会員に推された。研究は広範囲に及び、動物の精子を発見し、筋肉の横紋、昆虫の複眼の構成なども観察した。また、サケの赤血球の中央には、小さくて透明なあかりのようなものがあることを観察し、細胞核の存在を示唆した。著書として『顕微鏡で明らかにされた自然の秘密』4巻(1695)などがある。 [片島 亮] [参照項目] | | | | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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