Uotsurigumo (English spelling) angler spider

Japanese: ウオツリグモ - うおつりぐも(英語表記)angler spider
Uotsurigumo (English spelling) angler spider

A common name for a species of the Australian genus Dichrostix (fish spider) of the family Araneidae, class Arachnida, phylum Arthropoda. It is a spider that holds onto a simple silk web, drops a thread with a sticky ball attached to it with its walking legs, and sometimes swings it around to reel in moths and other creatures that attach to it; there are three known species of this spider. It feeds on males of certain moths, and it is thought that the sticky balls contain a substance that attracts male moths. Spiders with similar habits include the American species of Mastophora and the African species of Cladomelea, both of which are called boras spiders. The buff-legged spider, which lives in India, Sri Lanka, Japan, etc., also has a very similar habit. In addition, some species of running spiders, which are widely distributed around the world, are also called fishing spiders because they lure and catch fish by tapping the water surface with their front legs, and the American species, the Mutsubo Sashiri spider, is famous. However, since they do not drop a fishing line, it is not appropriate to translate this species as Uotsurigumo. In some countries, this species is called fishing catching spider, and the name Utorigumo would be more appropriate, but in Japan it has already been given the Japanese name Hashirigumo. These habits are not yet known in Japanese running spiders.

[Takeo Yaginuma]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

節足動物門クモ形綱真正クモ目コガネグモ科のオーストラリア産のジクロスチクス属(ウオツリグモ属)のある種の俗称。単純な糸網につかまり、歩脚で粘球のついた糸を垂らし、ときにはこれを振り回してガなどが付着すると釣り上げるクモで、3種ほど知られている。餌(えさ)になるのは決まったある種のガの雄であるが、これは、粘球にガの雄に対する誘引物質があるものと考えられている。これと似た習性をもったクモにアメリカ産のマストフォラ属やアフリカ産のクラドメレア属の種類があり、ともにナゲナワグモ(ボーラススパイダーboras spider)とよばれている。また、インド、スリランカ、日本などにすむマメイタイセキグモもよく似た習性をもっている。なお、世界各地に広く分布しているハシリグモ類のある種のものも、前脚で水面をたたいて魚をおびき寄せてとらえるのでフィッシングスパイダー(ウオツリグモ)fishing spiderとよばれており、アメリカ産のムツボシハシリグモが有名。しかし釣り糸は垂らさないのでウオツリグモと訳すのは適当ではない。この類をフィッシュキャッチングスパイダーfishing catching spiderとよぶ国もあり、ウオトリグモの名がふさわしいが、日本ではすでにハシリグモという和名が与えられている。日本産のハシリグモ類には、これらの習性はまだ知られていない。

[八木沼健夫]

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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