Reino (English spelling) Eino Leino

Finnish poet. His real name was Armas Eino Leopold Lönnbohm. He was born in Partamo. He started writing poetry at the age of 12, and made his debut at the age of 17 with "March Song" (1896). He soon dropped out of university and joined a young literary group. While working as a newspaper reporter, he was active in poetry, translation of A. France, Dante, Goethe, and others, criticism, essays, and plays. He sought material in national epics such as "Kalevala," and further refined his style of poetry, which is reminiscent of a combination of Western symbolism and neo-romanticism, and it crystallized in "Fire Hymn I" (Helkavirsi) (1903). He dramatically improved the poetic expressiveness of the Finnish language, and is said to be the first full-fledged Finnish poem, which had a great influence on later generations. Later, a period of social upheaval under Russian rule and a disappointing divorce coincided, and his Nietzschean, confident view of the superman disappeared. After writing "Winter Night" (1905) and "Frost" (1908), which are filled with a sense of tragic loneliness, he continued to cry out about his suffering and his unwillingness to be disappointed by humanity, entrusting it to mythological figures, after studying in Italy. In "Fascination II" (1916), he regained his poetic spirit.

[Shizuo Takahashi]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フィンランドの詩聖。本名はArmas Eino Leopold Lönnbohm。パルタモの生まれ。12歳で詩作を始め、17歳で『三月の歌』（1896）でデビュー。すぐに大学を中退して青年文学集団に属し、新聞記者をしながら、詩作、A・フランス、ダンテ、ゲーテほかの翻訳、批評、エッセイ、戯曲にと活躍した。『カレバラ』ほかの民族叙事詩に素材を求め、西欧シンボリズムと新ロマン主義の結合を思わせる詩風がいっそう磨かれ、『火祭り賛歌I』Helkavirsi（1903）で結晶した。フィンランド語の詩的表現力を飛躍的に高め、初の本格的フィンランド語詩といわれ、後世に大きな影響を与えた。その後、ロシア治下の社会の激動期と失意の離婚が重なり、自信に満ちたニーチェ風の超人観は消え、悲壮な孤独感の漂う『冬夜』（1905）、『霜』（1908）を経て、イタリア遊学後、神話の人物に託して、人間に失望したくない苦しみを叫び続けた。『火祭り賛歌Ⅱ』（1916）で、ふたたび詩人の魂を取り戻した。

［高橋静男］

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