A coenzyme is an enzyme protein that exhibits enzymatic activity when bound to a coenzyme. Enzymes are made of proteins, but they may contain substances other than proteins as essential components. Such substances are called prosthetic groups or groups. Certain coenzymes, such as FMN (flavin mononucleotide) and FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide), are examples of this. If the prosthetic group is removed from such an enzyme, the remaining protein part alone loses its enzymatic activity, but if the prosthetic group is added, the activity is restored. In such cases, the protein part that does not have enzymatic activity is called an apoenzyme. Apo means "removed." In contrast, the state in which the prosthetic group is bound is called a holoenzyme. Holo means "whole." In the case of enzymes that use NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) or coenzyme A as coenzymes, these are not components of the enzyme, but only participate and assist during the reaction, so the terms apoenzyme and holoenzyme are not used. In addition, even in proteins other than enzymes, the part remaining after removing heme, such as hemoglobin, is called an apoprotein. [Kenichi Kasai] [Reference] | |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
補酵素と結合することによって酵素活性を示す酵素タンパク質をいう。酵素はタンパク質からできているが、タンパク質以外の物質を不可欠な構成成分として含む場合もある。そのような物質を補欠分子族(補欠分子団)あるいは配合団という。ある種の補酵素、たとえばFMN(フラビンモノヌクレオチド)やFAD(フラビンアデニンジヌクレオチド)などがこれにあたる。このような酵素から補欠分子族を取り外すと、残ったタンパク質部分だけでは酵素活性がなくなるが、補欠分子族を加えると活性が回復する。このような場合に、酵素活性をもたないタンパク質部分のことをアポ酵素という。アポapoとは「取り除いた」という意味である。これに対して、補欠分子族を結合している状態をホロ酵素という。ホロholoとは「全体」という意味である。NAD(ニコチン酸アミドアデニンジヌクレオチド)や補酵素Aを補酵素とする酵素の場合は、これらは酵素の構成成分ではなく、反応のときだけ参加して補助するので、アポ酵素とかホロ酵素などのことばは使わない。 なお、酵素以外のタンパク質でも、ヘモグロビンなどで、ヘムを取り除いた残りの部分をアポタンパク質とよぶ。 [笠井献一] [参照項目] | |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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