Luria, Salvador Edward

Japanese: ルリア(英語表記)Luria, Salvador Edward
Luria, Salvador Edward
Born: August 13, 1912 in Turin
[Died] February 6, 1991. Lexington, Massachusetts. American geneticist. Studied medicine at the University of Turin. Learned experimental techniques for handling phages at the Pasteur Institute in Paris. Moved to the United States in 1940 and conducted research at Columbia University. Formed a research group (later called the phage group) with M. Delbrück and others. In 1942, through observation with an electron microscope, he discovered that phages have a structure consisting of two parts, a head and a tail. In 1943, in a joint study with Delbrück, he discovered that bacterial mutations were the cause of the appearance of phage-resistant bacteria when bacteria were cultured with phages, proving that mutations occur in bacteria. In 1945, independently of A. Hershey, he demonstrated that mutations occur in phages. Since 1950, he has been a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His book General Virology, published in 1953, is widely used as a textbook. In 1969, he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Delbrück and Hershey for his research on phages.

Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information

Japanese:
[生]1912.8.13. トリノ
[没]1991.2.6. マサチューセッツ,レキシントン
アメリカの遺伝学者。トリノ大学で医学を学ぶ。パリのパスツール研究所で,ファージを扱うための実験技術を修得。 1940年渡米,コロンビア大学で研究。 M.デルブリュックらとともに,研究グループ (のちにファージグループと呼ばれる) をつくる。 42年,電子顕微鏡観察により,ファージが頭部と尾部の2部分より成る構造をもつことを発見。 43年,デルブリュックとの共同研究で,ファージを加えて細菌を培養したときにファージ耐性菌が現れる原因は細菌の突然変異であることを見出し,細菌で突然変異の起ることを証明した。 45年,A.ハーシーとは独立にファージで突然変異が起ることを明らかにする。 50年よりマサチューセッツ工科大学教授。 53年に著わした『一般ウイルス学』 General Virologyは,教科書として広く用いられている。 69年にファージに関する研究で,デルブリュック,ハーシーとともにノーベル生理学・医学賞を受賞。

出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報

<<:  Lidth's jay (English spelling)

>>:  Le Monde (English)

Recommend

Ashikaga Prefectural Natural Park

A natural park in the southwest of Tochigi Prefect...

Icefish (white fish) - Icefish (English spelling)

A fish of the family Icefish (illustration) in the...

Okinawa Koto Music

...During the Goryeo period, the koto was used on...

Utanobu [town] - Utanobu

A former town in Esashi County, northern Hokkaido....

Strobilanthes japonica (English spelling) Strobilanthesjaponica

…[Hiroshi Terao]. … *Some of the terminology that...

voluntary insurance

…This refers to insurance that is compulsory by l...

Andosol - Andosol (English spelling)

This is the name used for black soil (kurotsuchi)...

Altai pheasant

...Population: 69,400 (1989). The northern group ...

Pär Lagerkvist (English spelling)

Swedish author. After graduating from Uppsala Uni...

Myoma of the Heart - Myoma of the Heart

...This menorrhagia is most severe when the fibro...

Polar axis

One of the rotation axes of an equatorial mount of...

The Story of Savitri - Sāvityupākhyāna (English)

A story from ancient India. A tale of a chaste wom...

Madiun Affair

An armed uprising by the Communist Party broke ou...

Cottage pink

...It is a cushion-like perennial plant with a sl...

Dried meat

Dried meat, such as beef jerky. Source: Asakura Pu...