British South Africa Company

Japanese: イギリス南アフリカ会社 - いぎりすみなみあふりかがいしゃ(英語表記)British South Africa Company
British South Africa Company

A chartered company established in 1889 by Cecil Rhodes and Alfred Beit. It obtained mining rights from the Ndebele (Matabele) chief Lobengula, with the aim of developing Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) north of the Limpopo River and settling there with white settlers. In October of the same year, the company was granted a royal charter by the Queen of England, giving it administrative and judicial powers over the region, as well as its own military. The company's capital at the time of establishment was one million pounds, and it was obliged to submit activity reports to the British government every year. The British Crown stipulated that the charter would be renewed in 25 years (and every 10 years thereafter). When the Matabele rebellion occurred in 1893, the company put down the rebellion, and thereafter gained control of Southern Rhodesia, encouraging the construction of railways for mining and white immigration for agricultural development. In the early 1920s, opposition to the Company's monopoly rule by white settlers grew, and Britain forced Southern Rhodesia to choose between self-government or merging with the neighboring Union of South Africa. As a result of a referendum in October 1922, the majority voted in favor of self-government, and the Rhodesian Self-Government was established in September 1923, ending the Company's rule. However, the Company continued to receive compensation of 3.75 million pounds, and continued to control key industries in Southern Rhodesia, as well as expanding into Northern Rhodesia (now Zambia).

[Akifumi Hayashi]

[References] | Rose | Lobengula

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1889年セシル・ローズとアルフレッド・バイトによって設立された特許会社。ンデベレ人(マタベレ人)の首長ロベングラから鉱山採掘権を取得し、リンポポ川以北の南ローデシア(現、ジンバブエ)の開発と白人入植を目的とした。同年10月、イギリス女王より特許(ロイヤル・チャーター)を与えられ、同地域の行政、司法権を許されたのみならず、会社所属の軍隊をもった。設立時の資本金は100万ポンドで、会社は毎年イギリス政府に活動報告書を提出することが義務づけられ、イギリス王室は25年後(それ以降は10年ごと)に特許を更新することを定めた。1893年のマタベレの反乱に際して、会社は反乱を鎮圧し、以後南ローデシアの支配権を得て、鉱山採掘に伴う鉄道建設、農業開発に伴う白人移民を奨励した。1920年代初め、会社の独占的支配に対する白人入植者の反対が高まり、イギリスは南ローデシアに対し、自治政府へ移行するか隣国南アフリカ連邦へ合併するかの選択を迫った。1922年10月国民投票の結果、自治政府移行賛成者が多数派を占め、1923年9月ローデシア自治政府が成立、会社の支配は終わった。しかしその後も会社は375万ポンドの補償金を得て、南ローデシアの基幹産業を支配するとともに、北ローデシア(現、ザンビア)にも進出した。

[林 晃史]

[参照項目] | ローズ | ロベングラ

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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