Rubens - Peter Paul Rubens

Japanese: ルーベンス - るーべんす(英語表記)Peter Paul Rubens
Rubens - Peter Paul Rubens

Flemish painter. Representative of 17th century Baroque painting. Rubens is pronounced Rubens in English and German, and in Flanders it is Rubens. He was born on June 28, 1577 in Siegen, Westphalia, because his wealthy father fled to Germany for political reasons. After his father's death, he returned to his hometown of Antwerp with his mother and brother at the age of 10, and entered a Latin school to acquire Catholic education there, but after three years there he became a page to the widow of Count Langrée. However, it was around this time that he finally began to have the desire to become a painter, and in 1591 he entered the studio of Welgecht, then Adam van Noort (1562-1641), and finally Otto van Ween (1556-1629). He was registered as an independent painter in the Antwerp painters' guild in 1598, at the age of 21.

However, like many young painters of his time, he had a strong desire to study in Italy, which he finally realized in 1600. For about eight years, he studied ancient art and Renaissance masters mainly in Mantua and Rome, and was also influenced by the Carracci school and Caravaggio, who introduced a new naturalism at the time, and matured. His fame gradually increased, and he painted altarpieces and other works. Meanwhile, he was acquainted with the Duke of Mantua and went to Spain as an envoy, leading a colorful and fulfilling life. In the autumn of 1608, he left Italy after hearing that his mother was ill. Although he was unable to make it in time for his mother's death, his talent was already well known, and he was welcomed back to his homeland as the foremost painter in Flanders. The following year, he became the court painter of the Doge, Duke Albert, and in the autumn of the same year, he married Isabella Brant, the daughter of a noble family. From then on, surrounded by many disciples and with his fame growing day by day, he developed his unique, splendid and magnificent art.

He painted all genres of paintings, including historical and religious paintings. Whatever the subject, his works are filled with the joy of life, and richness and splendor create a symphony. His greatest monument is the 21-panel mural "Life of Marie de' Medici" (now the Louvre Museum), which he painted for the Great Hall of the Luxembourg Palace in Paris from 1621 to 1625. In this work, we can see all the characteristics of Rubens' art and the culmination of Baroque painting. After that, his diverse artistic activities became more and more mature, and he also worked as a diplomat. The richness and warmth of his art and personality earned him great respect and patronage from the kings and princes of Europe. In 1626, he lost his wife, but at the end of 1630, he was blessed with a second marriage to the young, healthy and beautiful Hélène Fourment. Although he suffered from gout for the last ten years of his life, he lived a happy and fulfilling life, perhaps the most blessed painter in history. He died in Antwerp on May 30, 1940.

[Kamon Yasuo]

"Rubens" by Baudouin, translated by Mitsuhiko Kuroe et al. (1978, Iwanami Shoten)""Kamon Yasuo's commentary on "The World's Art 16: Paintings of Flanders" (1972, Gakken)"

[References] | Baroque art
Rubens House
This is the house where Rubens, a painter representative of 17th century Baroque painting, lived. It is now a city museum. Antwerp, Belgium ©Shogakukan ">

Rubens House


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

フランドルの画家。17世紀バロック絵画の代表者。ルーベンスは英語、ドイツ語読みで、フランドルではリュベンス。資産家の父が政治上の理由からドイツに逃れていたため、ウェストファリアのジーゲンで1577年6月28日に生まれる。父の死後、10歳のとき母や兄とともに故郷アントウェルペンに戻り、ここでカトリック教徒としての教養を身につけるためラテン語学校に入ったが、3年在籍ののち、ラングレ伯未亡人の小姓となった。しかし、画家としての志向がようやく芽生えてきたのもこのころで、まず91年にウェルヘークトの門に、ついでアダム・ファン・ノールト(1562―1641)、さらにオットー・ファン・ウェーン(1556―1629)のアトリエに入った。独立の画家としてアントウェルペンの画家組合に登録されたのは98年、21歳のときである。

 とはいえ、彼もまた当時の青年画家の例に漏れず、イタリア留学に強い希望をもち、1600年ついに実現した。そして約8年間、おもにマントバやローマにおいて古代美術やルネサンスの巨匠たちを学び、あるいは当時のカラッチ派や新しい自然主義を打ち出したカラバッジョの影響も受けて成熟し、名声もしだいにあがって祭壇画などを描いている。一方、マントバ公の知遇を得て、その使節としてスペインに赴くなど、多彩に充実した生活であった。08年の秋、母の病気の知らせでイタリアを離れた。母の死にはまにあわなかったが、彼の力量はすでによく知られ、フランドル第一の画家として故国に迎えられた。翌年、総督アルベルト公の宮廷画家となり、同年秋、名門の娘イサベラ・ブラントと結婚。それ以後は日ごとに高まる名声と多くの弟子に囲まれて、ルーベンス独特の豊麗・壮大な芸術を展開させていった。

 彼は歴史画・宗教画をはじめ、あらゆるジャンルを題材としている。しかも、どのような主題を描こうと、そこに生の喜びがあふれ、豊潤と壮麗が一大シンフォニーを奏でている。そのような彼の最大のモニュメントは、1621~25年にパリのリュクサンブール宮殿大広間のために描いた21面の大壁画『マリ・ド・メディシスの生涯』(現ルーブル美術館)である。ここにはルーベンス芸術のすべての特質が、そしてバロック絵画の集大成がみいだされよう。その後、彼の多彩な芸術活動はいよいよ円熟し、一方、外交官としても活躍し、その芸術と人柄の豊かさ、温かさによって、ヨーロッパ各国の王侯から多大の尊敬と愛顧を得た。26年には妻に先だたれたが、30年末には若く健康で美しいエレーネ・フールマンとの再婚に恵まれ、晩年の10年間は痛風に悩まされたとはいえ、おそらく歴史上もっとも恵まれた画家として、幸福に満ち足りた生涯を送った。40年5月30日アントウェルペンに没。

[嘉門安雄]

『ボードワン著、黒江光彦他訳『ルーベンス』(1978・岩波書店)』『嘉門安雄解説『大系世界の美術16 フランドルの絵画』(1972・学習研究社)』

[参照項目] | バロック美術
ルーベンスの家
17世紀バロック絵画を代表する画家ルーベンスが住んでいた家。現在は市立博物館になっている。ベルギー アントウェルペン©Shogakukan">

ルーベンスの家


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