Leclanché battery - Leclanché cell

Japanese: ルクランシェ電池 - るくらんしぇでんち(英語表記)Leclanché cell
Leclanché battery - Leclanché cell

This battery was invented in 1866 by Georges Leclanché (1839-82) of France. It is a wet cell battery with the following structure, using zinc Zn as the negative electrode active material, manganese dioxide MnO2 as the positive electrode active material, and a 20% aqueous solution of ammonium chloride NH4Cl as the electrolyte.

Zn| NH4ClMnO2 |C
Here, the positive electrode is an unglazed cylinder filled with a mixture of manganese dioxide powder and carbon powder, with a carbon rod placed in the center. The electromotive force is about 1.5 volts. In 1868, an idea was added to the electrolyte by kneading it with fine sand or sawdust to make it into a paste, and in 1888 C. Gassner added starch to the electrolyte to gel it, improving it to prevent the electrolyte from leaking out, turning it into a dry cell. This is the prototype of today's manganese dry cell.

In Japan, in 1885, Senzo Yai (1863-1927) created a dry cell with the same structure as the Leclanché cell and exhibited it at the World's Fair held in the United States in 1892.

[Mitsuru Asano]

"The Science of Batteries - From Biological Batteries to Solar Cells" by Hisashi Hashimoto (1987, Kodansha)""Electrochemical Society, ed., Electrochemistry Handbook (2000, Maruzen)""Battery Handbook, edited by the Battery Handbook Editorial Committee (2001, Maruzen)""An Introduction to Secondary Battery Technology" edited by Zenpachi Ogumi and Hironosuke Ikeda (2001, Industrial Research Institute)"

[Reference] | Dry cell | Batteries

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

1866年フランスのルクランシェGeorges Leclanché(1839―82)によって発明された電池。負極活物質に亜鉛Znを、正極活物質に二酸化マンガンMnO2を、電解液に20%塩化アンモニウムNH4Cl水溶液を用いた次の構成の湿電池である。

  Zn|NH4Cl|MnO2|C
ここで、正極には素焼きの円筒の中に二酸化マンガン粉末と炭素粉末との混合物を詰め、その中央に炭素棒を配したものを用いている。起電力は約1.5ボルトである。1868年には電解液に細かい砂または鋸(のこ)くずなどを加えて練り、ペースト状とするくふうが加えられ、さらに88年にはガスナーC. Gassnerが電解液にデンプンなどを加えてゲル化し、電解液が外へ流れ出ないように改良して乾電池化した。これが現在のマンガン乾電池の原形となっている。

 わが国では、1885年に屋井先蔵(1863―1927)がこのルクランシェ電池と同じ構成の乾電池を作製し、1892年にアメリカで開かれた万国博覧会に出品している。

[浅野 満]

『橋本尚著『電池の科学――生物電池から太陽電池まで』(1987・講談社)』『電気化学会編『電気化学便覧』(2000・丸善)』『電池便覧編集委員会編『電池便覧』(2001・丸善)』『小久見善八・池田宏之助編著『はじめての二次電池技術』(2001・工業調査会)』

[参照項目] | 乾電池 | 電池

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