Lancaster, J.

...To popularize mass education, it was necessary to organize students effectively and improve the effectiveness of education. In England, Andrew Bell (1753-1832) and Joseph Lancaster (1778-1838) taught several hundred students at their schools, with one teacher directing prayer and recitation, and dividing students into groups for subjects that required a pace of progress, with older students with higher academic ability acting as assistant teachers to supervise them. This system was called the Bell-Lancaster system (or monitorial system), and was adopted after the Industrial Revolution. However, as compulsory education spread, organized teacher training progressed, and classes began to be organized into groups of several dozen students, but the method of group instruction was retained.

*Some of the terminology that mentions "Lancaster, J." is listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…大量の教育の普及には，生徒を有効に編成し，教育の効果をあげなければならなかった。イギリスのベルAndrew Bell(1753‐1832)とランカスターJoseph Lancaster(1778‐1838)は，数百人の生徒を集めた学校で，祈禱･朗唱などは一人の教師が指導し，進度に応ずる必要のある科目の場合はいくつかのグループに分け，学力の高い年長者を助教monitorとして指導にあたらせる方式をとり，これがベル=ランカスター方式(またはモニトリアル･システム)と呼ばれ，産業革命以後に採用された。しかし義務教育の普及とともに組織だった教員養成がすすみ，数十人の学級編成がとられるようになったが，一斉指導の方式は引き継がれた。…

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