The process by which living organisms create their own body components and ingest substances necessary for life maintenance from the outside world, and the process of their use within the body. Each of the ingested substances (called food in humans and animals) is called a nutrient. Human nutrients include the three major nutrients of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, as well as vitamins and inorganic substances (minerals) such as calcium and iron. The three major nutrients are called calorific elements because they are burned in the body to become an energy source. Food must meet energy requirements that differ depending on age, sex, working conditions, etc. The energy generated in the body for 1 gram of carbohydrates, fats, and protein is 4, 9, and 4 kcal, respectively. However, protein is originally used to create body components, and the parts not used for this become an energy source. Growing children, pregnant women, and lactating women require particularly large amounts. Source : Heibonsha Encyclopedia About MyPedia Information |
生物が自己の体構成分をつくり,生命の維持に必要な物質を外界から摂取すること,および体内におけるその利用の過程。摂取される物質(ヒトや動物では食物という)の個々のものを栄養素という。ヒトの栄養素として,炭水化物,脂肪,タンパク質の三大栄養素とビタミン,カルシウム・鉄などの無機質(ミネラル)がある。三大栄養素は体内で燃焼してエネルギー源となるので熱量素という。食物は年齢,性別,労働条件などによって異なるエネルギー所要量をみたさねばならない。炭水化物,脂肪,タンパク質各1gが体内で発生するエネルギーは,4,9,4kcalである。ただし,タンパク質は本来,体構成分をつくる役目をもち,それに使われなかった部分がエネルギー源となる。発育期の小児,妊婦,授乳婦は特に多量に必要とする。
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