Hayashi Yuraku - Rin Yugaku

Foreign music that was introduced to ancient Japan. Linyu was the Chinese name for the Champa Kingdom, which was established around the 2nd century near what is now southern Vietnam. It was heavily influenced by Indian culture. It is said that the Southern Indian monk Baramon Sojo, along with Linyu monk Buttetsu, introduced it to Japan in 736 (Tenpyo 8) via the Tang Dynasty, but it is actually thought to have been Tang Hu music (foreign music). In 752 (Tenpyo Shoho 4), three dances were performed at the Great Buddha's eye-opening ceremony, and in 809 (Daido 4), it was so highly respected that a musician was placed in the Gagaku-ryo (Japanese music department). It was later incorporated into the Tang music left dance, and remains so to this day. In addition to "Rin'yū Ranshō," the eight pieces of music in Lin'yū are also listed as "Bosatsu," "Bairou," "Batou," "Karyōbin," "Hudinjuku," "Somakusha," "Rinko Tatsu," and "Kenki Tatsu." However, there is also a theory, like that of Otsuki Joden and others, that instead of the latter three pieces, "Manjuraku," "Ryōō," and "Ama-Nino Mai" (originally two pieces, but always played consecutively) are included.

[Yoko Hashimoto]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

古代日本に伝わった外来音楽。林邑とは2世紀ごろ、いまのベトナム南部付近につくられたチャンパ国の中国名。インド文化の影響が強い。日本には南天竺(なんてんじく)の僧姿羅門僧正(ばらもんそうじょう)が、林邑の僧仏哲(ぶってつ)とともに唐を経て736年（天平8）に伝えたというが、実際には唐の胡楽(こがく)（外来楽）とも考えられる。752年（天平勝宝4）には大仏開眼供養会で三舞舞われ、809年（大同4）には雅楽寮に楽師が置かれるなど尊重された。その後、唐楽左舞に編入され、今日に至る。「林邑乱声(らんじょう)」のほか、林邑の八楽として『菩薩(ぼさつ)』『陪臚(ばいろ)』『抜頭(ばとう)』『迦陵頻(かりょうびん)』『胡飲酒(こんじゅ)』『蘇莫者(そまくしゃ)』『輪鼓褌脱(りんここたつ)』『剣気(けんき)褌脱』をあげるが、大槻如電(おおつきじょでん)らのように、後の3曲のかわりに『万秋楽(まんじゅうらく)』『陵王(りょうおう)』『安摩(あま)・二ノ舞(まい)』（本来は2曲であるがつねに続けて演奏）を入れる説もある。

［橋本曜子］

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