Feathers - Umo

Japanese: 羽毛 - うもう
Feathers - Umo

A substance that grows on the surface of the body, unique to birds. It is made of keratin that grows from the skin, and in terms of development, it is identical to the hair of mammals and the scales of reptiles. Feathers are primarily involved in maintaining body temperature, and are essential for birds to remain constant in temperature. Secondly, feathers on the wings and tail function as flight organs, and feathers as a whole also help to streamline the body and shape it into a shape suitable for flight.

Plate-like feathers called primary feathers grow on specific areas of the body called segments. These primary feathers consist of the rachis, barb, and barbules, and the hooks on the barbules intertwine to form a plate, which is different from mammalian hair. Under the overlapping primary feathers, there is soft down that does not form a plate. This also grows on bare areas outside the feather segment, helping to increase heat retention. In waterfowl such as geese and ducks, it grows densely over the entire body surface. The down feathers of young birds are called juvenile down feathers. They have almost no rachis, and remain for a while after the primary feathers emerge. Feathers are initially wrapped in a feather sheath, where they grow using nutrients from the blood vessels, producing pigments and vacuoles that give them their beautiful colors.

In addition, it is widely used in the clothing industry, including clothing, accessories, and bedding.

[Higuchi Hiroyoshi]

[Reference] | Down jacket | Feather decoration
Feather morphology
©Yoshitaka Morikami ">

Feather morphology


Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

鳥類に特有の、体表面に生える物質。皮膚からできるケラチン質のもので、発生学上は哺乳(ほにゅう)類の毛や爬虫(はちゅう)類の鱗(うろこ)と同一である。羽毛は、第一に体温の保持に関係しており、鳥類の定温性に不可欠である。次に翼や尾の羽毛は飛翔(ひしょう)器官として機能し、体羽は全体として体を流線形にして飛翔に適した外形を形づくるのにも役だっている。

 正羽(せいう)とよばれる板状の羽毛は、体表面上の羽区(うく)とよばれる特定部位に生える。この正羽は、羽軸(うじく)、羽枝(うし)、小羽枝よりなり、小羽枝についている鉤(かぎ)が互いに絡み合って板状になっており、この点で哺乳類の毛とは異なる。重なり合った正羽の下には、板状にならない柔らかな綿羽(めんう)downが生えている。これは羽域以外の裸区にも生えており、保温効果を高めるのに役だっている。ガンカモ類などの水鳥では体表面全体に密生している。幼鳥の綿羽は幼綿羽という。羽軸はほとんどなく、正羽が出るとその先についてしばらく残る。羽毛は初め羽鞘(うしょう)に包まれ、血管からの養分によって成長し、色素や空胞ができて美しい色を発する。

 なお、服飾面でも、服装・アクセサリー、そして寝具などにも幅広く利用されている。

[樋口広芳]

[参照項目] | ダウン・ジャケット | 羽根飾り
羽毛の形態
©森上義孝">

羽毛の形態


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