A Swedish female children's author. Born in Vimmerby in the southern region of Småland. After working for a company in Stockholm, she made her debut in the world of children's literature with Britt-Mari lättar sitt hjärta (1944), and the following year won first place in a children's literature contest with Pippi Longstocking (1945), a story told from a child's perspective about an unconventional girl with unparalleled strength. However, this breakthrough work created a great controversy because it overturned the conventional view of children's literature that was oriented towards upper-middle class society. She subsequently wrote two sequels to Pippi (1946, 1948) and many other children's novels in different genres, but it was Pippi that brought her international fame. Pippi combines fictional fairy-tale elements with realistic, everyday story elements: the latter reached a peak in The Noisy Children (1947) and its two sequels (1949, 1952) and, to some extent, in the series Masterdetektiven Blomkvist (1946-53), while the highly original and poetic fairy-tale elements characterise Nils Karlsson-Pyssling (1949) and reach literary heights in Mio, min Mio (1954) and Sunnanäng (1959). However, her best literary achievements are precisely in this fusion of fantasy and reality, as in Rasmus the Wandering Orphan (1956) and the three stories about the kind-hearted mischievous boy Emil of Lönneberga (1963-70). Her children's books, especially her later works, also attracted adult readers. Bröderna Lejonhjärta (1973), which tackles the very dark and heavy theme of death for a child, and Ronja Rövardotter (1981), which has a Romeo and Juliet-like theme and can be interpreted as a kind of coming-of-age story of a girl who breaks away from her father's love and builds her own life, are representative works in this respect and at the same time masterpieces that mark the pinnacle of her creative career. Most of his works have been made into films and translated into 86 languages, making him one of the most famous Swedish authors internationally. However, he retired from writing in 1992 due to his deteriorating eyesight. She received many awards both at home and abroad, including the Nils Holgersson Prize in 1950, the Hans Christian Andersen Award in 1958, and the Swedish Academy Gold Medal in 1971. However, despite being nominated many times for the Nobel Prize, she never won it. However, her greatest achievement was improving the quality of children's literature and elevating it to the subject of research. [Yamashita Yasufumi] "The Complete Works of Lindgren, Vol. 21, translated by Otsuka Yuzo et al. (1964-88, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "The Land of Twilight, illustrated by Marit Törnqvist and translated by Ishii Toshiko (1999, Tokuma Shoten)" ▽ "Astrid Lindgren, Creator of Pippi, by Sanpei Keiko (1999, Iwanami Shoten)" ▽ "Reading Children's Books, by Kawai Hayao (Kodansha Plus Alpha Bunko)" [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
スウェーデンの女性児童文学作家。南部スモーランド地方のビンメルビューで生まれる。ストックホルムで会社勤めの後、『ブッリット・マリーがほっとする』Britt-Mari lättar sitt hjärta(1944)で児童文学界にデビューし、翌年、児童文学懸賞に応募し第1位をかちとった、子供の視点に立脚して怪力無双の型破りな少女を描いた『長くつ下のピッピ』Pippi Långstrump(1945)で一躍有名になった。しかし、この出世作は上・中流社会志向の従来の児童文学観を覆すものであったために大論争を生んだ。その後「ピッピ」の続編2編(1946、48)をはじめ、その他ジャンルの異なる児童小説を多数著したが、彼女を国際的に高名たらしめたのはこの「ピッピ」であった。 「ピッピ」には架空の御伽噺(おとぎばなし)的要素と現実的・日常生活的物語要素が共存する。後者は『やかまし村の子どもたち』(1947)とその続編2編(1949、52)で、そして、ある程度『名探偵カッレくん』Mästerdetektiven Blomkvistシリーズ(1946~53)でその隆盛をみることとなったが、一方、前者の極度に独創的で詩的な御伽噺的要素は『親指こぞうニルス・カールソン』Nils Karlsson-Pyssling(1949)を特徴づけ、さらには『ミオよ、わたしのミオ』Mio, min Mio(1954)や『小さいきょうだい』Sunnanäng(1959)において高度な文芸の域に達した。 しかし、彼女の最高の文学的結実はまさしくこの空想と現実の両要素の融合にみられる。たとえば、孤児を扱った『さすらいの孤児ラスムス』Rasmus pa luffen(1956)や、心の優しいいたずら小僧「レンネベリヤのエーミル」Emil i Lönnebergaに関する3作品(1963~70)はその好例である。彼女の児童本、とりわけ後期の作品は、大人の読者をもひきつけた。死という子供にとっては大変暗くて重い主題と取り組んだ『はるかな国の兄弟』Bröderna Lejonhjärta(1973)や「ロメオとジュリエット」的テーマで、父親の愛を振り切って自己の人生を築く少女の一種の成長譚(たん)とも解せる『山賊の娘ローニャ』Ronja Rövardotter(1981)は、この点での代表作で、同時に彼女の創作の頂点を記す傑作でもある。作品はほとんどが映画化され、また86か国語に翻訳されるなど、名実ともに国際的にもっとも知られたスウェーデン作家となったが、1992年以降は視力悪化のため創作活動から引退した。 1950年にニルス・ホルゲション賞、58年に国際アンデルセン賞、71年にはスウェーデン・アカデミー金メダル受賞と国内外の数々の賞に輝いたが、ノーベル賞は、何度も候補にあげられながら、受賞しなかった。しかし児童文学の質を高め、それを研究対象へと昇華せしめたことは彼女の大きな功績だった。 [山下泰文] 『大塚勇三他訳『リンドグレーン作品集』21巻(1964~88・岩波書店)』▽『マリット・テルンクヴィスト絵、石井登志子訳『夕あかりの国』(1999・徳間書店)』▽『三瓶恵子著『ピッピの生みの親 アストリッド・リンドグレーン』(1999・岩波書店)』▽『河合隼雄著『子どもの本を読む』(講談社プラスアルファ文庫)』 [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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