Acetic acid bacteria - Sakusankin

Japanese: 酢酸菌 - さくさんきん
Acetic acid bacteria - Sakusankin

It is also called Acetobacter, and is sometimes the common name for bacteria that produce acetic acid, and sometimes it is expressed as a genus of gram-negative aerobic rods. The former is written as acetobacter, and the latter as Acetobacter . In the following, Acetobacter as a genus will be explained as acetic acid bacteria.

There are many types of acetic acid bacteria, usually rod-shaped but often long chain-shaped. Size is 0.6-0.8 x 1.0-4.0 micrometers (1 micrometer is 1 millionth of a meter). They are obligate aerobic bacteria that are non-motile and form a membrane on the surface of liquid culture medium. Acetic acid bacteria oxidize and decompose ethanol (ethyl alcohol) to produce acetic acid, and vinegar brewing utilizes this property. In this type of acetic acid fermentation, it is known that various by-products such as acetone are produced in addition to acetic acid. In addition, acetic acid bacteria produce various organic acids from various sugars and alcohols. Examples include propionic acid from propanol, large amounts of gluconic acid from glucose, and L-sorbose from D-sorbitol. This action is important in the fermentation industry, and the acetic acid bacteria involved are also important. The representative bacterium is Acetobacter aceti .

[Masami Soneda]

"The Science of Vinegar" edited by Minoru Ameyama and Shigeru Otsuka (1990, Asakura Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

アセトバクターともいい、酢酸を生成する細菌の普通名である場合と、グラム陰性の好気性桿菌(かんきん)の1属として表現される場合とがある。前者はacetobacterとし、後者をAcetobacterとして書き表す。以下、1属としてのAcetobacterを酢酸菌として説明する。

 酢酸菌は種類が多く、普通は桿状であるが、しばしば長連鎖状となる。0.6~0.8×1.0~4.0マイクロメートル(1マイクロメートルは100万分の1メートル)。偏性(絶対的)好気性菌で非運動性、液体培養基の表面に皮膜を形成する。酢酸菌はエタノール(エチルアルコール)を酸化分解して酢酸を生成するが、食酢の醸造はこの性質を利用したものである。このような酢酸発酵においては、酢酸のほかに、アセトンなどのさまざまな副産物のあることが知られている。このほか、酢酸菌は種々の糖類やアルコール類からいろいろな有機酸を生成する。プロパノールからプロピオン酸、ブドウ糖から多量のグルコン酸、D-ソルビットからL-ソルボースを生成するなどがその例である。この作用は発酵工業上重要で、関与する酢酸菌もまた重要である。代表菌はAcetobacter acetiである。

[曽根田正己]

『飴山実・大塚滋編『酢の科学』(1990・朝倉書店)』

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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