Born: September 2, 1838 in Honolulu [Died] November 11, 1917. Honolulu The last queen of the Kingdom of Hawaii (reigned 1891-93). Her real name was Lydia Kamakaeha. She was the younger sister of King Kalakaua, and after studying in Europe, she succeeded her brother as queen in 1891. She advocated "Hawaii for the Hawaiians" and strongly resisted the United States' policy of annexing Hawaii. Because Liliuokalani opposed the 1887 US-Hawaii Treaty and other treaties, in 1893 American Sanford B. Dole and others started a revolution with military force and established a provisional government. Liliuokalani abdicated herself to avoid bloodshed, and Hawaii became a republic. She then demanded that U.S. President Grover Cleveland restore her to the throne. President Cleveland allowed Liliuokalani to return to the throne, but the revolutionary government refused. In 1895, an uprising was held in the name of the queen, but it was suppressed and Liliuokalani was arrested. Later, Hawaii was annexed during the Spanish-American War in 1898, and Hawaii ceased to be an independent nation. The song "Aloha 'Oe (I Have Love for You)," written by Liliuokalani in 1898, has long been loved by Hawaiians. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia About Encyclopaedia Britannica Concise Encyclopedia Information |
[生]1838.9.2. ホノルル [没]1917.11.11. ホノルル ハワイ王国の最後の女王(在位 1891~93)。本名 Lydia Kamakaeha。カラカウア王の妹で,ヨーロッパに遊学したのち,1891年兄のあとを継いで女王となった。「ハワイ人のためのハワイ」を主張し,アメリカ合衆国のハワイ併合政策に強く抵抗した。1887年のアメリカ=ハワイ条約などにリリウオカラニが反対したため,1893年アメリカ人のサンフォード・B.ドールらが軍事力を背景に革命を起こし,臨時政府を樹立。リリウオカラニは流血の事態を回避するためにみずから退位し,ハワイは共和国となった。その後,アメリカ大統領グローバー・クリーブランドに対し復位を要求。クリーブランド大統領はリリウオカラニの復位を認めたが,革命政府はこの指示を拒否した。1895年女王の名のもと蜂起が行なわれたが鎮圧され,リリウオカラニは逮捕された。その後,1898年のアメリカ=スペイン戦争の間にハワイ併合がなされ,独立国家としてのハワイは消滅した。1898年にリリウオカラニが作詞した歌『アロハオエ(あなたに愛を)』は,長くハワイ人に親しまれている。 出典 ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典ブリタニカ国際大百科事典 小項目事典について 情報 |
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