Ryūryō

The first nationalist thinker in the late Ming and Qing dynasties of China. His pen name was Bancun. He was from Shimen, Zhejiang Province. He spent his youth during the turbulent period of the transition from the Ming to the Qing dynasties, and passed the entrance exam at the age of 25. However, through his association with Ming elders such as Huang Zongxi, he developed a strong anti-Manchu ideology, revered Zhu Xi (Zhu Xi) and rejected Wang Shouren (Wang Yangming), and his fame was extremely high. In 1729, more than 40 years after his death, Zeng Jing, who resonated with his ideology, raised an army against the Manchus, and as a result, in 1732, Liuliang and his son were executed (their graves were exhumed and their heads were displayed), and the remaining descendants were made slaves, and the Lu clan was destroyed. The core of his thought was the distinction between China and the barbarians and a return to the golden age of Yao and Shun, that the great cause of the Spring and Autumn Period was the expulsion of barbarians from Manchuria, and that ideal politics could only be realized through the revival of the well-landed feudal system.

[Zenkichi Mitsuishi February 17, 2016]

"Yamai Yu et al., eds., Zhu Xi's School Series, Volume 11, Zhu Xi's Successors, Part 2" (1978, Meitoku Publishing)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国、明(みん)末清(しん)初の民族主義思想家。号は晩村(ばんそん)。浙江(せっこう)省石門の人。明清交代の激動期に青少年時代を送り、25歳で院試に合格したが、黄宗羲(こうそうぎ)ら明の遺老との交際を通じて激しい排満思想を育て、朱熹(しゅき)（朱子）を尊び王守仁(しゅじん)（王陽明）を否定し、その名声はすこぶる高かった。彼の没後四十数年を経た1729年、その思想に共鳴した曽静(そうせい)の排満挙兵事件が起き、このため1732年留良とその子は戮屍梟示(りくしきょうじ)（墓を暴き首を晒(さら)すこと）に付され、残った子孫も奴隷とされて呂一族は崩壊した。彼の思想の核心は華夷(かい)の別と堯舜(ぎょうしゅん)の黄金時代への復帰にあり、排満攘夷(じょうい)こそ春秋の大義であり、井田(せいでん)封建の復活によってのみ理想政治の実現が可能であるとした。

［三石善吉　2016年2月17日］

『山井湧他編『朱子学大系　第11巻　朱子の後継　下』（1978・明徳出版社）』

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