Ousha

…A literary society made up mainly of intellectuals from the landlord class in Jiangnan in the late Ming Dynasty. During the Tianqi era (1621-27), a kind of preparatory school-like literary society was formed in various places to evaluate and select eight-legged essays for the imperial examinations. The first of these was the Yingsha, founded by Zhang Pu in Taicang. In 1633 (the 6th year of the Chongzhen era), the various literary societies in Jiangnan gathered at Huqiu in Suzhou, and, under the slogan of reviving ancient learning, they united under the name of the Revival Society, with Zhang Pu as their leader. …

*Some of the terminology explanations that mention "Osha" are listed below.

Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information

…中国，明末の江南の地主階級の知識人を主とする文学結社。天啓年間(1621‐27)，科挙受験のための八股文（はつこぶん）の評選を行う，一種の予備校的文社が各地に起こったが，太倉の張溥（ちようふ）による応社が，その最初である。1633年(崇禎6)江南の各文社は，蘇州の虎丘に集まり，古学の復興をスローガンとして復社と称し，張溥を盟主として合体した。…

※「応社」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。

出典｜株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第２版について | 情報