A research institute for the purpose of oceanographic research. Oceanography has a short history and developed from marine biology, so many marine research institutes were established after the 20th century. Many of them developed from marine laboratories, such as the world-leading Scripps Institution of Oceanography in the United States, which began as a summer marine laboratory at the University of California in 1892. In Japan, marine biology research and laboratories have been around for a long time. In 1886 (Meiji 19), a marine laboratory was established in Misaki-cho, located at the tip of the Miura Peninsula, and in the following year, 1887, it was officially launched as the Imperial University Marine Laboratory. In 1897, it was moved to Aburatsubo (Koajiro, Misaki-cho, Miura City), where it still stands today, but was renamed the Misaki Marine Laboratory attached to the Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo. Later, in 1923 (Taisho 13), a marine laboratory (now the Asamushi Marine Biology Education and Research Center attached to the Graduate School of Life Science, Tohoku University) was established in Asamushi, Aomori Prefecture, facing Mutsu Bay, as an affiliated facility of the Faculty of Science, Tohoku Imperial University. However, it was not until 1962 (Showa 37) that the University of Tokyo Ocean Research Institute (now the Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo), a comprehensive marine research institute, was established. Oceanographic research is conducted not only at individual research institutes, but also at university geophysics departments and oceanographic departments, museums, government agencies, local governments, private research institutes, etc. Some oceanographic research institutes around the world also have educational facilities, such as graduate school courses. [Masao Hanzawa] [Reference] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
海洋学の研究を目的とする研究所。海洋学は歴史が浅く、海洋生物学を母体として発展してきたため、海洋研究所は20世紀以降にできたものが多い。世界有数のアメリカのスクリップス海洋研究所が、1892年カリフォルニア大学の夏期臨海実験施設の創設に始まるように、臨海実験所が発展したものが多い。 日本では、海洋生物学の研究・実験所は古くからあり、1886年(明治19)三浦半島先端に位置する三崎(みさき)町に臨海実験所ができ、翌1887年より帝国大学臨海実験所として正式に発足した。1897年に油壺(あぶらつぼ)(三浦市三崎町小網代(こあじろ))に移転、現在も同地にあるが、名称は東京大学大学院理学系研究科附属三崎臨海実験所となった。その後、1923年(大正13)には陸奥(むつ)湾に臨む青森県浅虫(あさむし)に東北帝国大学理学部附属施設として臨海実験所(現、東北大学大学院生命科学研究科附属浅虫海洋生物学教育研究センター)が創設された。しかし、総合的な海洋研究所である東京大学海洋研究所(現、東京大学大気海洋研究所)が設立されたのは1962年(昭和37)のことであった。 海洋学の研究は各研究所ばかりでなく、大学の地球物理学科、海洋関係の学科や、博物館、諸官庁、地方自治団体、民間の研究機関施設などでも行われている。また世界の海洋研究所のなかには大学院のコースをもつなど教育面の施設を併置しているところもある。 [半澤正男] [参照項目] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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