Ryota

A haiku poet from the mid-Edo period. Oshima clan. His real surname was Kikkawa. His given name was Yokyo. He was commonly known as Heisuke or Heihachi. His other names were Setchuan, Girai, Kuuma Koji, etc. There are various theories about his birth, including Kiso, Matsushiro, and Edo, but the most likely location is Oshima in Ina County, Shinano (Iijima-cho, Kamiina County, Nagano Prefecture). When Ryōta was a child, his family moved to Edo and worked as a seamstress for the shogunate. He started out as a tentori haiku poet, but then became a disciple of Setchuan II Rito, and gradually rose to prominence. During this time, he traveled throughout Oshu and Kansai, interacting with fellow haiku poets from all over the country and widening his horizons, and in 1750 (Kan'en 3), he succeeded Setchuan III. He criticized the outdated methods of the Edo-za masters with the founding of "Goshikizumi 2" and "Yukioroshi," and established himself in the Edo haiku world. He was particularly active during the Horeki, Meiwa, and An'ei periods (1751-1781), and according to his complete collection "Fujigoromo" (1787), he made over 50 poetry trips both east and west, compiled and wrote over 200 haiku books, allowed over 40 people to write for him, and had over 2,000 disciples. He made a tremendous contribution to the revival of haiku in the Tenmei period (1781-1789) by advocating the return of Basho, studying and celebrating him, reforming the Edo haiku world, and popularizing haiku. His haiku style idealized simplicity, but also showed a tendency toward vulgarity. He edited and wrote many works, including "Hougubukuro" (1743) and "Nanaka Shiwashu" (1781). He died on September 7, 1784.

[Katsuo Matsuo]

"Oshima Ryota" by Nakamura Shunsada (included in "Haiku Lecture 3: Haiku Poets Biographies, Vol. 2", Meiji Shoin, 1959)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

江戸中期の俳人。大島氏。本姓吉川(きっかわ)氏。名は陽喬(ようきょう)。通称平助または平八。別号雪中庵(せっちゅうあん)、宜来(ぎらい)、空摩居士(くうまこじ)など。出生については木曽(きそ)、松代(まつしろ)、江戸などの説もあるが、信濃(しなの)伊那(いな)郡大島（長野県上伊那郡飯島町）が最有力である。蓼太の幼少時に一家は江戸に出て幕府の御用縫物師を勤めた。初め点取俳諧(はいかい)をしていたが、雪中庵2世吏登(りとう)に入門、しだいに頭角を現した。その間、奥羽、関西を行脚(あんぎゃ)、各地の俳友と交流し見聞を広め、1750年（寛延3）に雪中庵3世を継いだ。『続五色墨(ごしきずみ)』結成や『雪おろし』によって江戸座宗匠の旧態を批判し、江戸俳壇に地位を占めた。その後、宝暦(ほうれき)・明和(めいわ)・安永(あんえい)期（1751～1781）の活躍は目覚ましく、完来編『藤衣(ふじごろも)』（1787）によれば、東西の吟行50余度、俳書の編著200有余、文台(ぶんだい)を許した者40余人、門人2000余に及んだという。芭蕉(ばしょう)復帰を唱え、その研究と顕彰、江戸俳壇の刷新、俳諧の普及など、天明(てんめい)期（1781～1789）の俳諧復興に果たした功績は絶大であった。俳風は平明を理想としたが通俗的な傾向もみられる。編著は『ほうぐ袋』（1743）、『七柏(ななかしわ)集』（1781）など多数ある。天明7年9月7日没。

［松尾勝郎］

『中村俊定著『大島蓼太』（『俳句講座3　俳人評伝　下』所収・1959・明治書院）』

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