Liang Shuming - Ryo Soumei

Chinese thinker. Born in Guangxi Province. From 1917 onwards, he lectured on Indian philosophy at Beijing University. His 1922 book "Eastern and Western Culture and Philosophy" criticised Western and Indian thought and praised traditional Chinese thought. From 1924 onwards, he attempted a movement to build rural areas in Shandong Province from the standpoint of "neo-Confucianism", and then founded a village governance school in Henan Province, working to build and educate ideal rural areas. He also exchanged views with members of the village governance movement, including Japan's Gondo Seikei. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, he became a national committee member of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. He opposed agricultural cooperatives, and his theory on "village governance" was criticised. He later became chairman of the China Culture Institute.

[Ando Hikotaro]

"New Edition: The Original History of Modern Chinese Thought, Volume 5 - Nation Building and National Self-Salvation" edited by Koichi Nomura, Kuniyasu Kondo, and Yujiro Murata (2010, Iwanami Shoten)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

中国の思想家。広西省出身。1917年以後北京(ペキン)大学でインド哲学を講義。1922年に出版した『東西文化および哲学』は西洋およびインドの思想を批判して中国の伝統思想を称揚した。1924年以後「新儒教主義」の立場から山東省で郷村建設運動を試み、ついで河南省でも村治学院を創設、理想的な農村建設と教育に取り組んだ。日本の権藤成卿(ごんどうせいけい)ら郷村運動の一派と意見を交換したこともある。新中国成立後、中国人民政治協商会議全国委員。農業合作化に反対して、その「村治」理論が批判された。のち中国文化書院の主席。

［安藤彦太郎］

『野村浩一・近藤邦康・村田雄二郎編『新編　原典中国近代思想史　第5巻――国家建設と民族自救』（2010・岩波書店）』

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