… In the 20th century in America, research with a strong psychological tendency based on empirical methods flourished. Pioneers of this field include CH Cooley and GH Mead, who discussed the formation of the self with emphasis on communication and interaction, and WI Thomas and F. Znaniecki, who shed light on the relationship between values, attitudes (especially situational definitions) and social behavior based on empirical research of immigrants from Poland. In addition, the theory of behaviorism, which became popular after the decline of instinct theory, promoted experimental research and drew attention to the importance of acquired habits and environmental factors in the influence of behavior. … From Znaniecki…He became a professor of sociology at the University of Poznan, but fled to America to escape Nazi oppression and became a professor at the University of Illinois, where he contributed to the introduction of European sociology to America. His books include Sociological Method (1934), which is based on functionalism, but his most famous work is a study he conducted in collaboration with the American sociologist William I. Thomas (1863-1947) on the adaptation of Polish peasants who emigrated to America, which he co-authored with Thomas in The Polish Peasant in Europe and America (1918-20). In this research, he focused on analyzing personal records, mainly on the life histories of individuals, and is credited with developing empirical sociology based on social surveys through this. … *Some of the terminology references "Thomas, WI" are listed below. Source | Heibonsha World Encyclopedia 2nd Edition | Information |
… 20世紀のアメリカでは,経験的方法の土台の上で心理学的傾向の強い研究が隆盛をみる。その先駆としては,コミュニケーションや相互作用を重視して自我の形成を論じたC.H.クーリーやG.H.ミード,ポーランドからの移民の実証研究にもとづいて価値,態度(ことに状況規定)と社会行動とのかかわりに照明をあてたトマスW.I.ThomasとF.ズナニエツキらがあげられる。また本能論衰退後に盛んになる行動主義の説は,実験的研究を促進するほか,行動に及ぼされる後天的な習慣や環境要因の重要性に注意を喚起した。… 【ズナニエツキ】より…ポズナン大学で社会学教授となるが,ナチスの圧迫を避けてアメリカに渡ってイリノイ大学教授となり,ヨーロッパ社会学のアメリカへの導入に貢献した。著書には機能主義の立場に立った《社会学方法論》(1934)などがあるが,最も有名なものは,アメリカの社会学者トマスWilliam I.Thomas(1863‐1947)と協力して行った,アメリカに移住したポーランド農民の適応に関する研究であり,トマスとの共著《ヨーロッパとアメリカにおけるポーランド農民The Polish Peasant in Europe and America》(1918‐20)にまとめられた。この研究で個人の生活史を中心とした個人的な記録の分析に力を注ぎ,これを通じて社会調査を主体とする実証的な社会学を発展させたと評価されている。… ※「Thomas,W.I.」について言及している用語解説の一部を掲載しています。 出典|株式会社平凡社世界大百科事典 第2版について | 情報 |
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