Both - Ryo

Japanese: 両 - りょう

[1] [noun] ① the name of a unit of weight. (i) The name of the weight of 24 shu in the Ritsuryo system. The ancient Japanese system of weight measurement followed the Tang system, and the weight of 100 grains of medium-sized millet was used as the standard, with one shu, 24 shu as ryo, and 16 ryo as kin. From the Heian period onwards, the system of 6 shu as fun and 4 bun as 1 ryo was also incorporated. In China, in the fourth year of the Wude era of the Tang Dynasty ( 621 ), the Kaiyuan Tongbao coin was minted, weighing 2.4 shu each, and was used as the standard currency because it was a high-quality copper coin. Ten of these coins would be 24 shu, or 1 ryo. The weight of one mon (sen) of Kaiyuan Tongbao was called bunmu (momme), and was incorporated into the series of weight units from the Middle Ages onwards. One jin is 16 ryo, or 160 mon. One ryo, or 10 momme, is equivalent to 37.5 grams. [Ryo Gikai (718)] (b) A unit of weight used from the Middle Ages to the end of the early modern period, and although there were various differences depending on the era, region, and item being measured, it was generally a name with a unit of 4 or 5 momme. It was a unit used for valuables such as gold, medicine, and incense, and the weight of the ryo was halved, that is, one ryo was 5 momme. The time when it was used is unknown, but it is said to be during the Heian period or the Kamakura period. Also, one ryo of gold was 4 momme 5 bu by the Muromachi period, and from around Tenbun 2 (1533 ) it was 4 momme 4 bu. One ryo of silver was 4 momme 3 bu standard throughout the Middle Ages and early modern period, while one ryo of other things was 5 momme in the old days, later 4 momme 4 bu, and in early modern period it was often 4 momme. However, this was the Kyoto weight , and various inakame were used in different regions, so it was not fixed, but all 1 ryo was between 4 and 5 momme. 10 ryo was called 1 mai . ※Mido Kanpakuki - October 29, 1012, "Recently, I have presented you with red snow, and now I present you with 2 ryo." ② The name of the unit of value of currency. (a) The name of the value of 1 ryo of gold or silver, which were denominated currency. The value of 1 ryo of gold or silver compared to the sen, which was a currency of denomination, and the ratio of the value of each of gold and silver varied depending on the era and region . The ratio of gold and silver was roughly 1 ryo of gold to 5 or 6 ryo of silver in ancient times, but from the mid-16th century it was about 10 ryo of silver, in the first half of the 17th century it was about 13 ryo of silver, and at the end of the early modern period it was more than 20 ryo of silver. The gold was counted in fours, with one ryo being four bu and one bu being four shu . Ten ryo was called one mai . *Kamii Kakkane Diary - December 8, 1584 (Tensho 12) "Otachi, 30 ryo of gold, armor and armor presented" (b) The name of the value of gold coins in the Edo period, when they were currency by denomination. Since 1601 ( Keicho 6 ), the shogunate has issued oban, koban and buban as currency by denomination, and set the official exchange rate at four kanmon sen for one ryo of gold, 50 momme of silver as a nominal currency, and 60 momme from the Genroku period ( 1688-1704 ). Furthermore, since 1765 ( Meiwa 2 ), five momme silver coins and other denominations have been issued to unify the monetary system. However, in reality, gold and silver coins were not traded at face value, but rather their value changed depending on the quality of each coin. In many cases, they were traded according to the actual market price of gold and silver, and the official exchange rate was meaningless. In 1871, the government established the new currency law, which set the value of one ryo of gold as one yen. *Gojomoku-1, July 19, 1609 (Kojiki-ruien, Izumi-ka 3) "One ryo of gold should be worth one kanmon of Eisen, and one ryo of gold _{should be worth} ₂₄ _kanmon of Kyoto coins." ③ The name of the unit of measurement, which is the length of two tan (two bolts of cloth) . *Heike (early 13th century) 8 "Two ryo of cotton cloth, ten layers of kosode (shoulder sleeves) , were received in a chest." [Shu-rei, local official, Nakashi] ④ The number two. Two. Especially, both of a pair of two. Both. ※Sarugaku Dangi (1430) states, "Open the fan, hold it to the right, spread your hands, step forward slightly, tuck in your sleeves, and throw them away quickly to the left and right." [Ishushushu - Bujunkai] [2] [Suffix] ① Used to count the number of objects that come in pairs. ※Koutai Jingu Ritual Book (804) "Eight ryo of brocade trousers" ② (Originally the character "輛" was also often used) Used to count the number of carriages. In modern times, it is used for large carriages, i.e. vehicles. ※Rishiki (872) 1 "A young girl, one carriage" [Shujing - Bokuseijo] ③ (An alternative character for "Ryo") Used to count the number of costumes, armor , etc. →Ryo (2). ※ Heike (early 13th century) 5: “When such warriors shoot, they will stack two or three pieces of armor and shoot right through.”

Ryan [Both]

〘 noun 〙 (Tang Song pronunciation of "ryo") ① The number two. Especially referring to the fist. ryanko . ryana. ryanya. ※Humorous story, Tokaido Chu Hizakurige (1802-09), part 3 "'I'll come. I'll carry you on my back, whatever you've lost.' (Omitted) 'Ryan, gosai gosai.'" ② = ryanko (both pieces) ② ※Sharakuhon, Nifudan (1801), "'Who's the guest today?' 'That's the ryan from that story. Look after me.'"

Koro [Both]

〘 noun 〙 A unit of weight. Especially a unit of weight for gold and silver. One ryo is 24 shu , or one-sixteenth of a jin. ryo. ※Shoki (720), Suiko 13th year, April (Iwasaki Honin) "Presenting 300 ryo of gold as tribute. "

Source: The Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary About the Selected Edition of the Japanese Language Dictionary Information

Japanese:

[1] 〘名〙① 重さの単位の名称。(イ) 令制における二四銖(しゅ)の重さの名称。日本古代の称量(しょうりょう)の制は、唐の制を踏襲したもので、中くらいの大きさの黍(きび)一〇〇粒の重さを基準としてこれを一銖とし、二四銖を両とし、一六両を斤(きん)とした。平安時代以降六銖を分(ふん)とし、四分で一両とする制も併合された。中国では、唐の武徳四年（六二一）に一枚二・四銖の重量の開元通宝を鋳造し、良質の銅銭であったため基準貨幣とされた。これの一〇枚は二四銖すなわち一両になる。開元通宝一文（銭）の重量を文目（匁）と称し、中世以降重量単位の系列の中にとり入れられた。一六両すなわち一六〇文が一斤となる。一両すなわち一〇匁は三七・五グラムに相当する。〔令義解（718）〕(ロ) 中世から近世末まで行なわれた重さの単位で、時代・地方により、はかる物により、いろいろと差はあったが、だいたい四匁ないし五匁を単位とする名称。金・薬・香など貴重品について行なわれた単位で、両の量目を半減したもの、すなわち一両を五匁とする法が用いられた。その時期は不明であるが、平安時代のうちとも鎌倉時代ともいわれる。また、金の一両は、室町時代までに四匁五分とされ、天文二年（一五三三）ごろから四匁四分とされた。銀の一両は、中世・近世を通じて四匁三分が標準で、他の物の一両は古くは五匁、のちに四匁四分、近世では多く四匁が用いられた。もっとも、これは京目(きょうめ)であり、地方ではいろいろな田舎目(いなかめ)が用いられて一定でなかったが、すべて四匁から五匁までを一両とするものであった。なお、一〇両を一枚(まい)と称した。※御堂関白記‐長和元年（1012）一〇月二九日「先日所奉紅雪今二両可奉」② 貨幣の価の単位の名称。(イ) 称量貨幣であった金および銀の、一両の重さのもつ価の名称。計数貨幣の銭(ぜに)に対する一両の重さの金あるいは銀の価、また、金銀それぞれの価の割合は、時代・地方により差があった。金銀の比は、古来ほぼ金一両に銀五両ないし六両であったが、一六世紀なかばから銀一〇両ほど、一七世紀前半には銀一三両ほどとなり、近世末には銀二〇両以上となった。金の勘定には、一両を四分(ぶ)、一分を四銖(しゅ)とする四進法が行なわれた。なお、一〇両を一枚(まい)と称した。※上井覚兼日記‐天正一二年（1584）一二月八日「御太刀、黄金卅両、甲鎧進上也」(ロ) 計数貨幣であった江戸時代の金貨の価の名称。幕府は慶長六年（一六〇一）以来、大判・小判・分判(ぶばん)を計数貨幣として発行し、金一両に対して銭四貫文、称量貨幣の銀五〇匁、元祿時代（一六八八‐一七〇四）から六〇匁を公定相場と定め、さらに、明和二年（一七六五）以降、計数貨幣の銀貨として五匁銀などを発行して、貨幣制度の統一を図った。しかし、実際には、金貨・銀貨は、その額面どおりには取引されず、それぞれの品質によって価が変わり、多く、金・銀の実勢相場によって取引され、公定相場は有名無実であった。明治四年（一八七一）、政府は新貨幣法によって、従来の金一両を新貨一円と定めた。※御条目‐上・慶長一四年（1609）七月一九日（古事類苑・泉貨三）「一金子壱両に永銭壱貫文たるべき事、一金子壱両に京銭可_レ為_二四貫文_一」③ 織物の長さ二反(たん)を単位とする名称。※平家（１３Ｃ前）八「あつ綿のきぬ二両、小袖十重(かさね)、長持にいれてまうけたり」〔周礼‐地官・媒氏〕④ 数の二。ふたつ。ことに、ふたつで対になっている物の双方。両方。※申楽談儀（1430）定まれる事「扇を広げて、右に持ちて、手を広げて、前へややと言ひてふみよりて、りゃうの袖を打込みて、左右へさっさっと棄つる也」〔逸周書‐武順解〕[2] 〘接尾〙① 二つで一組になっている物の数をかぞえるのに用いる。※皇太神宮儀式帳（804）「錦御襪八両」② (もとは「輛」の字も多く用いた) 車の数をかぞえるのに用いる。現代は、大きな車すなわち車両に用いる。※儀式（872）一「童女、車一両」〔書経‐牧誓序〕③ (「領」のあて字) 装束・鎧(よろい)などの数をかぞえるのに用いる。→領(二)。※平家（１３Ｃ前）五「かかるせい兵どもが射候へ者(ば)、鎧の二三両をもかさねて、たやすう射通し候也」

りゃん【両】

〘名〙 (「両」の唐宋音)① 数の二。特に、拳(けん)でいう。りゃんこ。りゃんな。りゃんや。※滑稽本・東海道中膝栗毛（1802‐09）三「『でまいろう。なんでもまけたものが、おぶってわたるのだがよしか』〈略〉『りゃん、ごうさいごうさい』」② ＝りゃんこ（両個）②※洒落本・二蒲団（1801）「『けふの客人はなんだ』『それかのはなしのりゃんさ。すかねへ』」