Rude - François Rude

French sculptor. He studied at the Academy in his hometown of Dijon, and moved to Paris in 1805. He received the Prix de Rome in 1812, but his trip to Rome was not realized. A Napoleonist, he fled to Brussels in 1815 after Napoleon's downfall, where he was protected by David. He returned to France in 1827. His work "A Neapolitan Boy Playing with a Turtle" (Louvre Museum), which was exhibited at the Salon in 1831, was purchased by the state, and in 1833 he was awarded the Legion of Honor for it. However, it was his huge relief "The Departure of the Volunteers in 1792" (1833-36), which adorns the pedestal of the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, that made his name known throughout France. Known as "La Marseillaise," this work evokes heroic emotions in the viewer, including the depiction of a goddess with her limbs powerfully spread diagonally, inviting the people, and is considered a masterpiece of Romantic sculpture. His major works in his later years include "Napoleon Awakening to Immortality" (1845, Fixin-lès-Dijon) and "Monument to General Ney" (1853, Rue des Observatoires, Paris). He died in Paris.

[Kiyoo Uemura]

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

フランスの彫刻家。生地ディジョンのアカデミーに学び、1805年パリに移る。12年ローマ賞を受けるがローマ行きは実現されなかった。ナポレオン主義者で、彼の没落後の15年ブリュッセルへ亡命。同地でダビッドの庇護(ひご)を受ける。27年帰仏。31年のサロン出品作『亀(かめ)と戯れるナポリの少年』（ルーブル美術館）は国の買い上げとなり、この作品によって33年レジオン・ドヌール勲章を受ける。しかし、彼の名を全フランスに知らしめたのは、パリのエトアール凱旋(がいせん)門の台座を飾る巨大な浮彫り『1792年の義勇兵の出発』（1833～36）である。「ラ・マルセイエーズ」の通称で知られるこの作品は、手足を力強く対角線上に広げ、人々をいざなう女神の表現をはじめ、見る人に英雄的な感情をかき立たせ、ロマン主義彫刻の代表作とみなされる。晩年の主要な作品に『不滅へと目ざめていくナポレオン』（1845、フィクサン・レ・ディジョン）、『ネイ将軍記念像』（1853、パリのオプセルバトアール通り）がある。パリに没。

［上村清雄］

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