Atropine

Japanese: アトロピン - あとろぴん(英語表記)atropine
Atropine

A type of alkaloid found in plants of the Solanaceae family, it exists naturally as l -hyoscyamine, and becomes dl- hyoscyamine during extraction. It was isolated from belladonna root in 1831. It is listed as atropine sulfate in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia. Atropine sulfate is an odorless, colorless crystal or white crystalline powder that is highly soluble in water. It is a typical parasympathetic nerve blocking drug (anticholinergic drug) that acts on parasympathetic postganglionic fibers and blocks them by competing with acetylcholine. It also suppresses the function of smooth muscle and secretory glands, so it is used as an antispasmodic to relieve spasms in smooth muscle organs such as the digestive system and bronchi, as well as in the treatment of peptic ulcers and as an antiperspirant. In practice, Scopolia extract, which contains atropine as its main active ingredient, is often used. In addition, it has the effect of dilating the pupils, so it is used as a mydriatic in ophthalmology by eye drops, injections, and oral administration. Atropine sulfate is a poison and its preparations are highly toxic, so caution is required when using it. Side effects include dry mouth, facial flushing, dilated pupils, astigmatism, urinary retention, etc. The usual dose is 0.5 milligrams per dose, 1.5 milligrams per day, and the maximum dose is 1 milligram per dose, 3 milligrams per day.

[Fumiji Koho]

[Reference] | Alkaloids

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

ナス科の植物に含まれるアルカロイドの一種で、天然にはl‐ヒヨスチアミンとして存在し、抽出の過程でdl体となる。1831年ベラドンナ根より分離された。日本薬局方には硫酸アトロピンとして収載されている。硫酸アトロピンは無臭、無色の結晶または白色結晶性粉末で、水にきわめて溶けやすい。代表的な副交感神経遮断薬(抗コリン薬)で、副交感神経節後線維に働き、アセチルコリンと競合反応をおこして遮断する。また、平滑筋および分泌腺(せん)の機能を抑制することから、消化器や気管支など平滑筋臓器のけいれん緩和に鎮けい剤として、また消化性潰瘍(かいよう)の治療および止汗剤などにも応用される。実際にはアトロピンをおもな有効成分とするロートエキスがよく用いられる。そのほか、瞳孔(どうこう)を広げる作用があるので、眼科では散瞳剤として点眼、注射、内服に用いられる。硫酸アトロピンは毒薬、その製剤は劇薬であり、使用時には十分注意する。副作用として口渇、顔面紅潮、瞳孔散大、乱視、尿閉などがみられる。常用量は1回0.5ミリグラム、1日1.5ミリグラム、極量は1回1ミリグラム、1日3ミリグラム。

[幸保文治]

[参照項目] | アルカロイド

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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