Iron sulfate. Three types are known: (1) Iron(II) sulfate. In addition to anhydrous FeSO 4 (also called ferrous sulfate) with a formula weight of 151.92, there are also mono-, tetra-, penta- and heptahydrates. Of these, the mono-, penta- and heptahydrates also exist in nature. The heptahydrate is also called melanterite and is the most important. The heptahydrate is obtained by dissolving iron in dilute sulfuric acid or by oxidizing water-moistened pyrite FeS 2 in air, and crystallizing the resulting aqueous solution at temperatures below 56°C. The tetrahydrate crystallizes out at temperatures above 56°C, and the monohydrate crystallizes out at temperatures above 64°C. The pentahydrate is obtained by evaporating the aqueous solution with excess sulfuric acid in a vacuum. The anhydrous form is a pale green crystal, which becomes the heptahydrate when left in moist air. The anhydrous form dissolves at 26.6 grams in 100 grams of water at 20°C. The heptahydrate is a green crystal that oxidizes when exposed to air and turns into reddish-brown basic iron(III) sulfate. Its aqueous solution is green and oxidizes very slowly, but the oxidation process accelerates in alkaline and ethanol (ethyl alcohol) solutions. It forms unstable brown compounds with nitric oxide, so it is used to detect nitrate and nitrite ions. It is used in the manufacture of red iron oxide, black ink, and pigments (Prussian blue and iron black), as a reducing agent, mordant, and preservative. (2) Ferrous sulfate (III) anhydrous Fe 2 (SO 4 ) 3 , with a formula weight of 399.9 (also called ferric sulfate), is also known as trihydrate, hexahydrate, heptahydrate, 7.5%, nonahydrate, decahydrate, and dodecahydrate. The last five of these exist naturally. When an aqueous solution of iron sulfate (II) is oxidized and evaporated to concentrate, the hydrate crystals are obtained, but the number of crystal waters varies depending on the crystallization conditions. When the hydrate is carefully heated and dehydrated, the anhydrous form is obtained. The anhydrous form is a white or pale yellow powder. It is deliquescent. When heated, it decomposes at about 480°C to become iron oxide. It is slightly soluble in water, but the solution turns brown as a result of hydrolysis, and when heated, a reddish-brown precipitate of basic iron sulfate (III) or iron hydroxide oxide (III) immediately forms. It is used in the manufacture of iron alum and Prussian blue, as well as for use as a mordant and in medicine. (3) Ferrous sulfate (iron(II)) has the chemical formula FeFe 2 (SO 4 ) 4 and a formula weight of 551.81 (also called ferrous sulfate). It exists naturally as a variety of hydrates. It is obtained by exposing a mixture of iron sulfate(II) and acid iron sulfate(III) to air. It is a reddish-brown powder. [Torii Yasuo] [Supplementary Material] |Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend |
鉄の硫酸塩。次の3種類のものが知られている。 (1)硫酸鉄(Ⅱ) 無水和物FeSO4、式量151.92(硫酸第一鉄ともいう)のほか一、四、五、七水和物がある。このうち一、五、七水和物は天然にも存在する。七水和物は緑礬(りょくばん)melanteriteともよばれ、もっとも重要なものである。鉄を希硫酸に溶解するか、水で湿らせた黄鉄鉱FeS2を空気酸化することによって得られる水溶液を、56℃以下で結晶化すると七水和物が得られる。56℃以上では四水和物が、64℃以上では一水和物が晶出する。この水溶液を過剰の硫酸とともに真空中で蒸発濃縮すれば五水和物が得られる。無水和物は淡緑色の結晶で、湿った空気中に放置すると七水和物となる。無水和物は20℃の水100グラムに26.6グラム溶ける。七水和物は緑色の結晶で、空気中に放置すると酸化されて赤褐色の塩基性硫酸鉄(Ⅲ)に変わる。水溶液は緑色で、きわめてゆっくりと酸化されるが、アルカリ性溶液、エタノール(エチルアルコール)溶液中では加速される。一酸化窒素と不安定な褐色の化合物をつくるので硝酸イオンや亜硝酸イオンの検出に利用される。べんがら、黒色インキ、顔料(プルシアンブルー、鉄黒(てつぐろ))の製造、還元剤、媒染剤、防腐剤などに用いられる。 (2)硫酸鉄(Ⅲ) 無水和物Fe2(SO4)3、式量399.9(硫酸第二鉄ともいう)のほか三、六、七、7.5、九、十、12水和物がある。このうちあとの5種は天然にも存在する。硫酸鉄(Ⅱ)の水溶液を酸化し、蒸発濃縮すると、水和物の結晶が得られるが、結晶化の条件によって結晶水の数が異なってくる。水和物を注意して加熱、脱水すると無水和物が得られる。無水和物は白色ないし淡黄色の粉末。潮解性。加熱により約480℃で分解し酸化鉄となる。水にわずかに溶けるが、加水分解の結果溶液は褐色を呈し、温めるとただちに塩基性硫酸鉄(Ⅲ)または酸化水酸化鉄(Ⅲ)の赤褐色沈殿を生ずる。鉄ミョウバンおよびプルシアンブルーの製造に用いられるほか、媒染剤、医薬としての用途もある。 (3)硫酸鉄(Ⅲ)鉄(Ⅱ) 化学式FeFe2(SO4)4、式量551.81(硫酸第二鉄第一鉄ともいう)。天然に各種の水和物として存在する。硫酸鉄(Ⅱ)と酸性硫酸鉄(Ⅲ)の混合物を空気にさらすと得られる。赤褐色の粉末。 [鳥居泰男] [補完資料] |出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例 |
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