Copper sulfate

Japanese: 硫酸銅 - りゅうさんどう(英語表記)copper sulfate
Copper sulfate

Copper sulfate is known as a monovalent and divalent copper compound.

(1) Copper(I) sulfate is a colorless or gray powder. Its chemical formula is Cu2SO4 and its formula weight is 223.15. Copper is dissolved in concentrated sulfuric acid heated to 200°C, and the solution is dropped into methanol (methyl alcohol) to precipitate the material. Alternatively, copper(I) oxide is reacted with an equivalent amount of dimethyl sulfate in ether. It is stable in dry air, but decomposes slowly in moist air and immediately when water is added.

(2) Copper(II) sulfate exists in the anhydrous form CuSO4 and in the pentahydrate form. The anhydrous form occurs naturally as hydrokyanite, and the pentahydrate as bile. The anhydrous form is a colorless powder. Its formula weight is 159.6. It is slightly soluble in methanol, but insoluble in ethanol (ethyl alcohol). It is used as a drying or dehydrating agent for organic compounds, since it easily absorbs water and becomes the pentahydrate.

The pentahydrate is obtained by reacting copper with dilute sulfuric acid and air, or by dissolving copper(II) oxide (CuO) in dilute sulfuric acid and concentrating it to crystallize. In industrial applications, it is obtained by heating chalcopyrite through air and extracting the resulting copper(II) sulfate with water, or by using the wastewater from the electrolysis of copper refining. It is a blue crystal. It slowly effloresces in dry air. When heated, it becomes trihydrate CuSO 4・3H 2 O at 45°C, monohydrate CuSO 4・H 2 O at 110°C, and anhydrous at 250°C. It dissolves well in water, and also in glycerin and methanol. When heated with sodium hydroxide solution, black copper(II) oxide precipitates. Ammonia water initially produces a blue-green precipitate of basic copper sulfate, but with excess ammonia, a dark blue ammine complex salt is produced.

CuSO4.Cu (OH) 2 + 8NH3
―→[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ]SO 4 +[Cu(NH 3 ) 4 ](OH) 2
In addition to being used as an electrolyte, it has a variety of uses, such as a raw material for other copper salts, a pigment, a raw material for Bordeaux mixture, a mordant, and an analytical reagent.

[Nakahara Katsunori]

[Supplementary material] | Copper sulfate (data note)

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

銅の硫酸塩で、一価および二価銅の化合物が知られている。

(1)硫酸銅(Ⅰ) 無色あるいは灰色の粉末。化学式Cu2SO4、式量223.15。銅を200℃に加熱した濃硫酸に溶かし、これをメタノール(メチルアルコール)中に滴下して沈殿させる。あるいはエーテル中で酸化銅(Ⅰ)と硫酸ジメチルの当量を反応させる。乾燥空気中では安定であるが、湿った空気中では徐々に、水を加えればただちに分解する。

(2)硫酸銅(Ⅱ) 無水和物CuSO4と五水和物がある。無水和物はハイドロカイアナイトとして、五水和物は胆礬(たんぱん)として天然にも産する。無水和物は無色の粉末。式量159.6。メタノールにはわずかに溶けるが、エタノール(エチルアルコール)には溶けない。水を吸収して五水和物になりやすいため、有機化合物の乾燥剤ないしは脱水剤として用いられる。

 五水和物は、銅に希硫酸と空気を作用させるか、酸化銅(Ⅱ)CuOを希硫酸に溶かし、濃縮して結晶化させる。工業的には黄銅鉱に空気を通じて熱し、生じた硫酸銅(Ⅱ)を水で抽出するか、銅精錬の電解廃液を利用するなどして得られている。青色の結晶。乾燥空気中では徐々に風解する。熱すると45℃で三水和物CuSO4・3H2Oに、110℃で一水和物CuSO4・H2Oに、250℃で無水和物となる。水によく溶け、グリセリン、メタノールなどにも溶ける。水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を加えて熱すると黒色の酸化銅(Ⅱ)を沈殿する。アンモニア水では初め塩基性硫酸銅の青緑色沈殿を生じるが、過剰のアンモニアで、濃青色のアンミン錯塩を生ずる。

  CuSO4・Cu(OH)2+8NH3
  ―→[Cu(NH3)4]SO4+[Cu(NH3)4](OH)2
 電解液となるほか、他の銅塩の原料、顔料、ボルドー液の原料、媒染剤、分析試薬など各種の用途がある。

[中原勝儼]

[補完資料] | 硫酸銅(データノート)

出典 小学館 日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)日本大百科全書(ニッポニカ)について 情報 | 凡例

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>>:  Iron sulfate

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