Sulfur dyes

Japanese: 硫化染料 - りゅうかせんりょう(英語表記)sulfur dyes
Sulfur dyes

A dye obtained by heating a relatively simple organic compound such as 4-aminophenol with sulfur or sodium polysulfide. It is so named because it becomes a water-soluble leuco compound with sodium sulfide and can be used to directly dye cellulose fibers. It was first synthesized and put into practical use by E. Vidahl in 1893. It is not a single composition, but a mixture whose composition varies depending on the vulcanization conditions. The colors range from yellow to brownish, blue-green, and black, but are generally dull.

Sulfur dyes generally have good fastness to sunlight and washing, but are weak against friction and chlorine. In addition, when dyeing black fabrics, sulfuric acid liberated during storage can cause fiber embrittlement, but they are cheap and easy to manufacture, making them the most widely produced dye. However, their use is decreasing due to their poor dyeability and lack of compatibility with synthetic fibers, as well as wastewater treatment. In addition, blue dyes such as Hydron Blue cannot be completely reduced to the leuco form with sodium sulfide alone, so hydrosulfite must be used. Such dyes are called sulfur vat dyes. Various improvements have been attempted, such as disperse dyes, water-soluble dyes, and dyes synthesized from a single component without going through the complex vulcanization reaction.

[Tobita Mitsuhiko]

[Reference] | Dyes | Sodium sulfide

Source: Shogakukan Encyclopedia Nipponica About Encyclopedia Nipponica Information | Legend

Japanese:

4‐アミノフェノールのような比較的簡単な構造の有機化合物を硫黄(いおう)あるいは多硫化ナトリウムと加熱して得られる染料。硫化ナトリウムにより水溶性のロイコ体となり、セルロース繊維を直接に染色できるので、この名がある。1893年にビダルE. Vidahlが初めて合成し実用化した。単一な組成でなく、加硫の条件によって組成が異なる混合物である。色調は黄~茶褐色、青緑、黒などの系統であるが、概してくすんでいる。

 硫化染料は日光、洗濯などに対する堅牢(けんろう)度は一般に良好であるが、摩擦や塩素に弱い。また、黒色染色物では、保存中に遊離した硫酸による繊維の脆化(ぜいか)がおこるなどの欠点があるが、安価で製造も容易であるので、もっとも大量に生産された染料である。しかし、合成繊維の進出や染色性が不十分であること、排水処理の関連から使用量は減少している。なお、青色系染料であるヒドロンブルーなどでは、硫化ナトリウムのみでは完全にロイコ体に還元されないので、ハイドロサルファイトの使用が必要である。このような染料を硫化バット染料という。また分散染料型のものや、水溶性にしたもの、複雑な反応の加硫を経ず単一成分を純粋に合成したものなど種々の改良が試みられている。

[飛田満彦]

[参照項目] | 染料 | 硫化ナトリウム

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